关于马克思交往理论的再思考  

A Reconsideration of Marx's Theory of Communication

作　　者：侯振武 杨耕 Hou Zhenwu;Yang Geng

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学哲学学院博士后流动站 [2]北京师范大学哲学学院

出　　处：《哲学研究》2018年第7期10-18,127,共10页Philosophical Research

基　　金：北京市社会科学基金重大项目"马克思主义哲学体系的研究与分析"(编号15ZDB21)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：马克思的交往范畴指向人与人之间的关系,交往形式和交往关系是马克思交往理论的核心概念。交往关系包括生产关系,但不等于生产关系,"生产力-生产关系"命题是对"生产力-交往形式"命题的深化。交往与生产互为前提,交往内生于生产,生产只有在交往中才能进行。个人的生产能力只有在交往中才能形成社会生产力,马克思的劳动概念内在地包含着互动。当交往发展为世界交往时,社会形态发展中的派生形式和跨越现象就成为普遍现象,社会发展道路就形成多样性。哈贝马斯对精神交往及其语言、规范等问题进行了较为深入而全面的探讨,但由于对劳动及其与互动之间的关系作了错误理解,因而他对马克思交往理论的批判从根本上说是"误批",其交往理论偏离了历史唯物主义的根本原则。Marx’s category of communication points to relationships among people,and the two core concepts in Marx’s theory of communication are communicative forms and communicative relations.In this theory,communicative relations include productive relations but are not equal to the latter;communication and production are mutually premised,that is to say,communication is born within production,and production can only be carried out in communication.Marx’s concept of labor thus inherently contains communication.When communication develops into global communication,the derivative and transcendental forms of social development become universal phenomena,and the road to social development becomes diverse.Habermas has conducted a deep and comprehensive discussion of spiritual communication,however,due to his misunderstanding of labor and its relationship with communication,his criticism of Marx’s theory of communication is fundamentally problematic,and his communication theory thus deviates from the principles of historical materialism.

关 键 词：马克思 交往 物质生产 社会发展 哈贝马斯 

分 类 号：B0-0[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]