先签合同与后续合同的关系及其解释  

Relationship Between Prior Contract and Follow-up Contract and Its Explanation

作　　者：崔建远[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学法学院

出　　处：《法学研究》2018年第4期69-82,共14页Chinese Journal of Law

基　　金：国家哲学社会科学基金重点项目"法学方法论与中国民商法研究"(批准号:13AZD065);清华大学自主科研计划课题"中国民法典编纂重大理论问题研究"(2015THZWJC01)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：先签合同与后续合同之间可能构成狭义的合同变更、合同更改、反对合同、代物清偿、债权让与、债务承担等多种样态的关系。后续合同即使名为"补充协议",也不可望文生义地理解为变更了先签合同或是二者呈现主从关系。先签合同和后续合同可能仅因缔约行为而单纯外观结合,相互之间不具有依存关系,互不影响各自的权利义务。此种合同联立应分别适用各自的合同规范。先签合同和后续合同可能虽然各自独立、标的物不同,但依当事人的真意二者在实质上互为因果。先签合同与后续合同可能虽然各自独立,但后续合同所生担保权担保先签合同项下债权的实现。后续合同约定的内容还可能是先签合同被违反时如何计算损失或支付违约金,于此场合二者间的关系是后续合同关系为先签合同关系的变形,或是转化关系,或是部分补偿关系。至于阴阳合同现象,则或为合同变更,或依虚伪表示与隐藏行为的模式处理。由上述多样关系决定,合同解释不仅应承继单个合同的体系解释,而且要联系合同周边予以交易的整体解释。The relationship between a prior contract and a follow-up contract can take many different forms,such as modification of contract in the narrow sense,alteration of contract,opposing contract,datio in solutum,credit assignment,and assumption of obligation.Even if a follow-up contract is named“supplementary agreement”,we should not take the wording literally and think that the prior contract has been altered or there is a subordinate relationship between the prior contract and the follow-up contract.A prior contract and a follow-up contract may be connected to each other only in appearance as a result of the contract-making behavior,which neither establishes a dependence relationship between the two,nor affects the rights and obligations in either of them.Although a prior contract and a follow-up contract may be independent of each other and have different subject matters,they may yet have a causal relationship with each other,as intended by the parties.The follow-up contract may establish a guarantee right that ensures the realization of obligatory rights under the prior contract.The follow-up contract may provide for the methods of calculation or payment of damages resulting from the breach of the prior contract,and in this case,the relationship in the follow-up contract is the variant of the relationship in the prior contract,namely either a relationship of transformation,or a relationship of partial compensation.As for the phenomenon of“dual contract”,it should be either considered as modification of contract,or dealt with as false expression of intention or act of concealment.As a result of the diversified relationships mentioned above,it is necessary not only to give systematic interpretation to an individual contract,but also give an overall interpretation of the transaction in light of the context of the contract.

关 键 词：先签合同 后续合同 主从关系 变更 交易的整体解释 

分 类 号：D923.6[政治法律—民商法学]