清代打箭炉关与川藏商品流通  

The Dajianlu Pass and Sichuan-Tibet Commodity Circulation during the Qing Dynasty

作　　者：许存健 XU Cun-jian(Department of History,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084)

机构地区：[1]清华大学历史系,北京100084

出　　处：《西藏大学学报（社会科学版）》2018年第2期59-65,91,共8页Journal of Tibet University

基　　金：2017年度国家社会科学基金重点项目"清代商税研究及其数据库建设(1644-1911)"阶段性成果;项目号:16ZDA129

摘　　要：清代川藏贸易发生了很大的变化,逐渐从茶马贸易转变为边茶贸易。由四川输往西藏的商品,以茶叶为大宗,布匹、绸缎、杂货等次之。从西藏销往四川的商品,从以马匹为主,转为以药材、毛皮等西藏特产为主。户部在打箭炉设关收税后,从税收数额的变化可以看出,从康熙后期到乾隆中期,税收保持增长;由于自然灾害、战乱,乾隆中期开始,税收发生了波动。嘉道以后,税收趋向平稳。税收趋势大体上反映了打箭炉商业的发展情况。根据税则,可以估算出乾隆时期内地运销打箭炉的商品总值为三十多万两。Sichuan-Tibet trade underwent great changes during the Qing dynasty,changing gradually from teahorse trade to tea-groceries trade.Tea is the most Sichuan carried to Tibet together with cloth,silk,groceries,and so on.Tibet transported horses mainly to Sichuan together with medicinal herbs,fur and some other Tibetan specialties.The Ministry of Revenue set up a pass in Dajianlu and started to collect taxes in 1710.From the changes of tax amount,it can be found that from the late period of the Kangxi’s Reign to the medium of the Qianlong’s,the tax kept increasing.However,after then,because of natural disasters and wars,the tax revenue there fluctuated.After the Jiaqing and Daoguang’s reigns,the tax revenue tended to become normal.The changes generally reflected the development of the Dajianlu’s trade.According to the amount of the tax,it can be estimated that the total value of the commodities transported to Dajianlu from the inland China was more than 30,0000 taels.

关 键 词：打箭炉关 川藏贸易 茶叶 

分 类 号：F729.49[经济管理—产业经济]