2011-2017年重庆市612例儿童流行性乙型脑炎流行特征分析  

Analysis on epidemiologic characteristics of 612 children patients with Japanese encephalitis in Chongqing City during 2011-2017

作　　者：许丽娟[1,2] 朱朝敏 高中敏[1,2] XU Lijuan;ZHU Chaomin;GAO Zhongmin(Department of Clinical Nutrition,Affiliated Children′s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014,China;Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders,China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics,Chongqing 400014,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆医科大学附属儿童医院临床营养科,400014 [2]儿童发育疾病研究教育部重点实验室/儿童发育重大疾病国家国际科技合作基地/儿科学重庆市重点实验室,重庆400014

出　　处：《重庆医学》2018年第21期2831-2833,共3页Chongqing medicine

摘　　要：目的分析重庆市儿童流行性乙型脑炎(简称乙脑)的流行病学特征,为预防乙脑的流行提供依据。方法收集2011-2017年重庆医科大学附属儿童医院住院的乙脑患儿资料,分析其临床特点。结果612例患儿,男女比例约2.3∶1.0,年龄小于3岁287例,3~6岁182例,>6~10岁85例,>10~15岁58例,7-9月发病例数分别为91、452和69例。发病具有高度散发性,农村高于城市。乙脑普通型403例(65.85%);重型131例(21.41%);极重型78例(12.75%)。血清与脑脊液乙脑抗体IgM阳性率分别为48.52%和81.73%。临床表现中发热612例(100.00%)、意识障碍537例(87.75%)、抽搐482例(78.76%)、呕吐328例(53.59%)及头痛215例(35.13%)。≥8月龄的591例乙脑病例中,全程接种乙脑疫苗占9.31%,未全程接种乙脑疫苗占15.23%,未接种乙脑疫苗及接种不详占72.88%。出院时67.29%患儿未遗留任何临床症状及体征,28例患儿死亡。结论重庆市乙脑流行季节常见于7、8月,以6岁以下儿童及普通型为主。脑脊液乙脑抗体IgM阳性率高于血清。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of Japanese encephalitis(JE)in Chongqing City to provide a base for its prevention.Methods The data of the children inpatients with JE in this hospital during 2011?2017 were analyzed for analyzing their clinical characteristics.Results Among 612 JE cases,the ratio of male to female was 2.3:1,287 cases were less than 3 years old,182 cases were 3?6 years old,85 cases were 6?10 years old and 58 cases were 10?15 years old.The onset seasons were from July to September,which had 91 cases,452 cases and 69 cases respectively.The onset was highly sporadic,the rural area was higher than the urban area.The common type JE had 403 cases(65.84%);131 cases(21.40%)were severe type;78 cases(12.74%)were extremely severe type.The positive rates of JEV-IgM in serum and cerebrospinal fluid were 48.52%and 81.73%respectively.The clinical manifestation included fever in 100 cases(100.00%),consciousness disorders in 537 cases(87.74%),convulsion in 482 cases(78.76%),vomiting in 328 cases(53.59%)and headache in 215 cases(35.13%).Among 591 cases of JE aged≥8 months old,the cases receiving whole-course JE vaccine accounted for 9.30%,those without receiving whole-course JE vaccine accounted for 15.22%and those without receiving JE vaccine and vaccination unknown accounted for 72.87%.67.29%of the cases did not leave over any clinical symptoms at discharge from hospital and signs,and 28 cases died.Conclusion JE is common in July and August in Chongqing City,which is dominated by children aged less than 6 years old and common type is predominant.The positive rate of JEV-IgM in cerebrospinal fluid is higher than that in serum.

关 键 词：儿童 流行性乙型脑炎 流行特征 重庆市 

分 类 号：R725.1[医药卫生—儿科]