曹妃甸近岸海域大、中型浮游动物优势种空间生态位研究  

Spatial Niches of Dominant Macro-zooplankton and Meso-zooplankton Species in the Coastal Area of Caofeidian

作　　者：梁淼 姜倩[1] 孙丽艳[1] 李德鹏[1] 陈兆林[1] 崔雷[1] 路波[1] LIANG Miao;JIANG Qian;SUN Liyan;LI Depeng;CHEN Zhaolin;CUI Lei;LU Bo(Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas(SOA)/National Marine Environmental Monitoring Centre,Dalian 116023,China)

机构地区：[1]国家海洋环境监测中心/国家海洋局近岸海域生态环境重点实验室,辽宁大连116023

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2018年第7期1241-1250,共10页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家海洋局近岸海域生态环境重点实验室开放基金项目(201817)

摘　　要：依据2014年曹妃甸海域2个航次调查资料,运用Levins公式和Petrailis指数测定了浮游动物优势种(类)群的生态位宽度和生态位重叠程度,采用冗余分析(RDA)研究了浮游动物生态位分化与环境因子的关系。结果表明,曹妃甸近岸海域2014年共鉴定出3大类9种浮游动物优势种和4种浮游幼虫,优势种更替率达到57.14%,其中,克氏纺锤水蚤(Acartia clausi)和小拟哲水蚤(Paracalanus parvus)为夏季主要优势种,小拟哲水蚤和双毛纺锤水蚤(Acartia bifilosa)为秋季主要优势种。浮游动物优势种(类)群生态位宽度变化范围为0.28~0.93,将其划分为广生态位、中生态位和窄生态位三大类型。其中,夏季,广生态位代表种类为强壮箭虫(Sagitta crassa)和克氏纺锤水蚤,中生态位代表种小拟哲水蚤等4种,窄生态位的种类包括无节幼虫(Nauplius larva)和蔓足类无节幼虫(Cirripedia larva);秋季,广生态位种类包括小拟哲水蚤、异体住囊虫(Oikopleura dioica)等8种,中生态位种类包括腹足类幼虫(Gastropoda larva)和太平洋纺锤水蚤(Acartia pacifica),窄生态位的种类包括中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)和拟长腹剑水蚤(Oithona similis)。浮游动物优势种(类)群之间的生态位重叠指数范围为0.31~0.95,两季均呈现出广生态位种类之间的生态位重叠程度均较高,窄生态位的种类与其他生态位较宽的种类生态位重叠程度较低的特点。RDA排序结果表明,夏季无机氮、p H、温度、化学耗氧量和活性磷酸盐是影响浮游动物优势种(类)群生态位分布最大的环境因子;秋季主要环境影响因子为化学耗氧量、悬浮物、活性磷酸盐和盐度。该研究揭示了曹妃甸近岸海域浮游动物优势种空间生态分化程度,可为该海域生态环境保护提供依据。The concept of spatial niche had remained as one of the core ideas in ecological research for almost a century,which was closely linked with interspecific competition,and resource utilization.It plays an important role in the study of community composition and function,of the relationships among specie,biodiversity,community succession and population evolution.Based on two seasonal investigations(summer and autumn in 2014)in the coastal area of Caofeidian,the niche breadth,niche overlap,spatial differentiation of dominant macro-zooplankton and meso-zooplankton species were studied with qualitative and quantitative methods.Also,environmental effects on the abundance and spatial distribution of those species are determined.We identified a total 9 species of dominant zooplankton and 4 species of zooplankton larvae,and the dominant species replacement rate was 57.14%.We considered there to be three the first dominant species in summer(Acartia clausi(Y=0.246),Paracalanus parvus(Y=0.159),Acartia bifilosa(Y=0.121))and two in autumn(Paracalanus parvus(Y=0.181),Acartia bifilosa(Y=0.131)).The zooplankton dominant species in the coastal area of Caofeidian were classified into three groups,i e.,wide niche breadth groups(Bi≥0.70),middle niche breadth groups(0.50<Bi<0.70),narrow niche breadth groups(Bi≤0.50)based on the niche breadth value.We found that the species with wide niche were Sagitta crassa and Acartia clausi,those with middle niche consisted of Paracalanus parvus etc.,and the species with narrow niche included Nauplius larva and Cirripedia larva in summer.And in autumn the species with wide niche were Paracalanus parvus and Oikopleura dioica etc.,those with middle niche consisted of Gastropoda larva and Acartia pacifica,and the species with narrow niche included Calanus sinicus and Oithona similis.The niche overlap values of dominant zooplankton species ranged from 0.37 to 0.95 in the whole year.The degree of niche overlap among the wide niche breadth groups was high,and among the narrow niche breadth groups was

关 键 词：浮游动物优势种 生态位宽度 生态位重叠 生态位分化 冗余分析(RDA) 

分 类 号：X826[环境科学与工程—环境工程]