镉污染农田土壤修复技术及安全利用方法研究进展  

The Remediation and Safety Utilization Techniques for Cd Contaminated Farmland Soil: A Review

作　　者：孙丽娟 秦秦 宋科 乔红霞 薛永 SUN Lijuan;QIN Qin;SONG Ke;QIAO Hongxia;XUE Yong(Institute of ECO-Environment and Plant Protection,Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shanghai 201403,China;Shanghai Scientific Observation and Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment and Land Conservation,Shanghai 201403,China;Shanghai Environmental Protection Monitoring Station of Agriculture,Shanghai 201403,China;Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Low-carbon Agriculture(SERLA),Shanghai 201403,China;Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology,Shanghai 201403,China)

机构地区：[1]上海农业科学院生态环境保护研究所,上海201403 [2]农业部上海农业环境与耕地保育科学观测实验站,上海201403 [3]上海市农业环境保护监测站,上海201403 [4]上海低碳农业工程技术研究中心,上海201403 [5]上海市设施园艺技术重点实验室,上海201403

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2018年第7期1377-1386,共10页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：上海市青年科技英才扬帆计划项目(18YF1421100);上海市自然科学基金项目(16ZR1431100);上海市科委项目(17295810602;17DZ1202301);上海市农业科学院卓越团队计划项目(2017(A-03))

摘　　要：作物镉(Cd)超量累积是人体中镉的主要来源。研究镉污染农田土壤修复技术及安全利用方法对保护生态环境及保障食品安全具有重大意义。镉对植物的毒性效应与其生物有效性密切相关,且土壤镉的生物有效性决定其植物根系吸收量,因而基于土壤镉生物有效性调控原理的修复技术是农业环境领域近年来的研究热点。此外,植物镉含量也与植物自身特性密切有关,故筛选不同镉累积特性的植物可为镉污染土壤修复和安全利用提供重要生物质资源。文章综合评述了镉生物有效性的物理和化学调控方法,并分别就超累积植物和低累积作物介绍镉污染农田土壤的植物修复技术和安全利用方法。物理方法如水分管理主要通过改变土壤环境的Eh等理化性质从而影响土壤镉的形态转化过程,进而影响植物镉的吸收量;化学方法如施用钝化剂主要通过改变土壤的pH及土壤镉吸附特性,从而改变土壤镉的生物有效性。低镉累积作物通过减少根系镉吸收或降低地上部镉转运的方式减少可食部镉累积量;镉超累积植物的修复效率主要取决于其镉富集系数的高低及生物量的大小。化学和生物联合调控方法主要通过降低土壤镉含量或阻止镉进入作物可食部,实现"边生产边修复"。农田土壤镉污染修复技术及安全利用方法存在效率低、体系不稳定等问题,探究土壤镉生物有效性关键调控因子及其作用机制、充分挖掘特殊镉累积特性的植物资源并探寻改造植物镉耐性的方法以提高镉污染农田土壤修复效率将是今后该领域的研究热点。The uptake and accumulation of Cd by crop is the main source of human Cd intake,thus the study of remediation and safety utilization techniques in Cd contaminated farmland soil is of great importance for the ecological environmental and food safety protection.The toxicity of Cd to plants is depended largely on the bioavailability of Cd in soil,meanwhile the bioavailability of Cd in soil plays a critical role in the uptake of plant roots.The study of remediation techniques which are based on regulating the Cd speciation and bioavailability in soil has become a hotspot in agricultural environment.Besides,the variety of plant species will also influence of the uptake and accumulation of Cd by plants.Screening plants with different Cd accumulation ability will help providing biological resources for soil Cd remediation.The current research advances in the physical,chemical and biological remediation methods that based on Cd bioavailability regulation were reviewed in this article.Physical methods like water management is more likely to change the Eh of soil environment and then change the bioavailability of Cd in soil,thus influencing the uptake of Cd by plants.Chemical methods like applying passivation in contaminated soil is more likely to change soil pH and the Cd adsorption capacity of soil,thus changing the bioavailability of Cd in soil.By reducing root Cd uptake or Cd translocate from root to edible part,low Cd accumulating crops are important biological resource for the safety usage of Cd contaminated soil.The remediation efficiency of hyperaccumulator plants are determined by their biological concentration factor and biomass.The combination of chemical and biological methods is supposed to reduce the bioavailability of Cd in soil,reducing the Cd uptake by crops,which makes the producing while remediation possible.The unstable and low efficiency are the main problems that the remediation techniques faced with.The future research work will focused on exploring the main factors that controlling soil Cd bioavaila

关 键 词：镉 农田土壤 修复 生物有效性 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]