适于二代燃料乙醇生产酿酒酵母的精准构制  

The customized construction of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the second-generation bioethanol production

作　　者：赵建志 李洪兴 王心凝 沈煜 侯进 鲍晓明 ZHAO Jianzhi;LI Hongxing;WANG Xinning;SHEN Yu;HOU Jin;BAO Xiaoming(State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering,School of Bioengineering,Qilu University of Technology,Jinan 250353,China;State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology,Microbiology Technology Institute,Shandong University,Jinan 250100,China)

机构地区：[1]齐鲁工业大学生物工程学院,生物基材料与绿色造纸国家重点实验室,山东省微生物工程重点实验室,济南250353 [2]山东大学微生物技术研究院,微生物技术国家重点实验室,济南250100

出　　处：《生物产业技术》2018年第4期74-83,共10页Biotechnology & Business

基　　金：国家能源局子项目(NY20130402);国家“863”计划子课题(2012AA022106、2007AA05Z402);国家“973”计划子课题(2011CB7074);国家自然科学基金项目(30970091)

摘　　要：以木质纤维素为原料的二代燃料乙醇工业生产对发酵微生物的基本要求,一是可对木质纤维素组分中的全糖发酵,二是对预处理过程产生的毒性物质具有高耐受性。酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)是具有优良生产性能的传统乙醇发酵生产菌株,是适合包括二代燃料乙醇等生物基化合物转化的理想底盘细胞。近30年来,利用理性代谢工程改造、非理性适应性进化以及新兴起的合成生物学等策略,对酿酒酵母进行精准构制,极大地提高了其二代燃料乙醇生产的产业化性能。综述了适于二代燃料乙醇生产酿酒酵母精准构制过程中的己糖和戊糖代谢途径工程、辅酶工程、糖转运蛋白、抗性元件发掘以及产业化推进等方面的研究进展。The two basic requirements of microorganisms for production of second-generation bioethanol using lignocellulose feedstock as raw materials are the co-utilization of total sugar composition of lignocellulose feedstock and high tolerance to lignocellulosic inhibitors.Saccharomyces cerevisiae,the traditional ethanol producer,is an attractive chassis cell for production of bio-based chemicals including second-generation bioethanol due to its excellent fermentation ability.For almost three decades,the customized construction of Saccharomyces cerevisiae has significantly improved its industrial performance for production of the second-generation bioethanol through rational metabolic engineering,non-rational adaptive evolution and synthetic biology technology.In this paper,the progresses on metabolic engineering of hexoses and pentoses,cofactor engineering,sugar transporters,exploration of tolerance element and industrialization development were reviewed during the process of customized construction of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

关 键 词：木质纤维素 戊糖代谢 耐受性 二代燃料乙醇 产业化 

分 类 号：TQ223.122[化学工程—有机化工] TQ926[轻工技术与工程—发酵工程]