纠结与矛盾:农民面对乡镇企业污染的“乡土”心态——对S市T镇的调查研究  

Entanglement and Contradiction:the "Local" Mentality of Farmers Facing the Pollution of Township Enterprises——Investigation and Research on Town T in City S

作　　者：王文涛 Wang Wentao(College of Philosophy and Social Sciences,Jilin University,Changchun 130012,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学哲学社会学院,长春130012

出　　处：《知与行》2018年第4期78-83,共6页Cognition and Practice

摘　　要：改革开放以来,我国经济取得了举世瞩目的成就,人民生活大幅改善。然而,我国40年来的经济发展和人民生活改善很大程度上是建立在环境的"高污染"、能源的"高消耗"基础之上的。进入新时代,我国越来越重视经济发展的转型与生态环境的保护。随着乡村振兴战略的实施,农村环境问题进入人们的视野,土壤污染、农药残留、农业垃圾污染等严重影响到农民的生产和生活。乡镇企业污染是乡村环境污染的一个重要方面,造成乡镇企业污染的原因是多种多样的,例如农民环保意识低、生产技术落后等,其中存在于传统乡村中的"乡土观念"对环境污染具有重要的影响。基于中国的特殊国情与农民的乡土本性,简单、粗暴、直接的环境抗争并不容易在农民社会中发生,在面对环境污染时,农民更多的是扮演着"沉默的大多数"的角色。之所以出现农民被动接受、纵容甚至协同污染,其中蕴含着深刻的文化背景。存在于农民中的家族观念、乡党意识以及以己为中心的传统乡土文化使农民在面对乡镇企业污染时呈现出纠结与矛盾的心态,既对美好环境有强烈诉求,又不想自己的经济收入受到影响,既批判环境污染,又包庇、纵容甚至协同污染。在研究乡镇企业污染的过程中,农民对于乡村环境污染、合法维权以及健康风险等存在认知盲区和偏差,如何调动农民的环保积极性,推进乡村环境治理的大众化参与,如何把握新时代农民的乡土心态,探究乡村环境污染的文化本质,对于治理污染,建设生态文明,实现乡村振兴战略具有十分重要的意义与价值。Since the reform and opening up,China's economy has achieved remarkable achievements and people's lives have improved substantially.Looking back on the 40 years of reform and opening up,it can be said that the development of the economy and the improvement of people's lives are based on the"high pollution"of the environ-ment and the"high consumption"of energy.In the new era,China has paid more and more attention to the trans-formation of economic development and the protection of the ecological environment.With the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy,rural environmental problems have entered people's vision.Soil pollution,pesticide res-idues,and agricultural waste pollution have seriously affected farmers'production and life.Township enterprise pol-lution is an important aspect of rural environmental pollution.The causes of pollution of township enterprises are va-rious,such as low environmental awareness of farmers and backward production technology.Among them,the"lo-cal concept"existing in traditional villages has an important impact on environmental pollution.Due to China's spe-cial national conditions and the local nature of the peasants,simple,rude,direct confrontation with harsh environ-ments is not easy to occur in peasant society.In the face of environmental pollution,farmers are more of a"silent majority"role.The reason why farmers have passive acceptance,connivance and even synergistic pollution has a profound cultural background.The family concept,the township party consciousness and the traditional local culture centered on the peasants make the peasants feel entangled and contradictory when facing the pollution of the town-ship enterprises.They have a strong appeal for a good environment,but they do not want their economic income to be affected.They criticize environmental pollution,but they also cover,condone and even coordinate pollution.In the process of studying the pollution of township enterprises,the authors found that farmers have cognitive blind spots and deviations for rural

关 键 词：乡镇企业 乡土心态 环境治理 纠结与矛盾 

分 类 号：C914[经济管理]