菌糠木霉混配基质对黄瓜的促生作用及对根腐病的防治效果  

Studies on Growth-promoting Effect on Cucumber Seedlings of Spent Mushroom Substrates Fermented by Trichodema viride and Its Biocontrol Efficiency on Cucumber Root Rot

作　　者：郭现坤[1] 柴阿丽[1] 石延霞[1] 谢学文[1] 李宝聚[1] GUO Xian-kun;CHAI A-li;SHI Yan-xia;XIE Xue-wen;LI Bao-ju(Insititute of Vegetables and Flowers,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《中国蔬菜》2018年第8期32-37,共6页China Vegetables

基　　金：国家大宗蔬菜产业技术体系项目(CARS-25);农业部园艺作物遗传改良重点开放实验室项目;中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所科技创新工程项目(CAAS-ASTIP-CAAS)

摘　　要：以绿色木霉菌糠发酵物为试验材料,研究了其与草炭、蛭石以不同比例(V/V)混配后对黄瓜幼苗生长的影响及对黄瓜根腐病的防治效果。结果表明,菌糠木霉混配基质T7(菌糠木霉∶草炭∶蛭石=1∶1∶1)、T9(菌糠木霉∶草炭∶蛭石=2∶1∶1)和T11(菌糠木霉∶草炭∶蛭石=1∶2∶1)的理化性质与对照(菌糠木霉∶草炭∶蛭石=0∶2∶1)相近。在接种病原菌30 d后,混配基质T7、T9、T11对黄瓜根腐病的防效分别为88.56%、78.34%、82.31%,均显著高于对照药剂甲基硫菌灵。综合来看,在黄瓜育苗试验中,以混配基质T7表现最好,其株高、茎粗、叶面积、叶绿素含量、侧根数、地上部干质量、地下部干质量和根系活力等指标分别为对照的117%、127%、171%、99.4%、170%、189%、237%和125%。用菌糠木霉发酵物作为育苗基质成分,不仅可以促进黄瓜幼苗生长,而且对黄瓜根腐病的防效较好。Taking Trichodema viride-spent mushroom substrate(SMS)fermentation product as experimental material,this paper studied the effects of combining it with peat,vermiculite by different ratio(V/V)on promoting cucumber seedling growth and controlling efficiency on cucumber root rot.The results showed that the physiological and chemical properties of treatment T7(Trichodema viride-SMS fermentation product∶peat∶vermiculite=1∶1∶1),T9(Trichodema viride-SMS fermentation product∶peat∶vermiculite=2∶1∶1)and T11(Trichodema viride-SMS fermentation product∶peat∶vermiculite=1∶2∶1)were very near that of the contrast(Trichodema viride-SMS fermentation product∶peat∶vermiculite=0∶2∶1).Thirty days after inoculation of Fusarium solani,the control efficiency of T7,T9 and T11 treatments on cucumber root rot were 88.56%,78.34%,82.31%,respectively,and were all significantly higher than that of the contrast thiophanate-methyl.In the experiment of nurturing cucumber seedlings,the mixed substrate T7 had the best performance in terms of plant height,steam diameter,leaf area,chlorophyll content,number of lateral roots,above-ground and underground dry matter weights,root system activities,etc.Their indexes were 117%,127%,171%,99.4%,170%,189%,237%and 125%of the contrast,respectively.Therefore,taking Trichodema viride-SMS fermentation product for cucumber seedling culture had not only good efficiency on stimulating cucumber seedling growth but also better control effect on cucumber root rot.

关 键 词：黄瓜 绿色木霉 菌糠 育苗基质 黄瓜根腐病 防治效果 

分 类 号：S436.421.1[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治] S642.2[农业科学—植物保护]