民初北京政府划一度量衡的制度建设与实践  

The System Construction and Practice of the Unification of Weights and Measures of Beijing Government during the Early Years of the Republic of China

作　　者：史慧佳 Shi Huijia

机构地区：[1]山东师范大学历史与社会发展学院

出　　处：《近代史学刊》2018年第1期151-170,255,256,共21页Journal of Modern Chinese History

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“近代闽粤地区商会资料整理与研究”(项目号:16JJD770022)资助成果

摘　　要：民国建立后,工商部提出了新度量衡改革方案,摒弃清末度量衡改制中“恪遵祖制”的宗旨,完全移植万国公制——“密达制”。由于忽视了如何与本国实际相结合的问题,该方案最终夭折。1914年,张謇出任农商总长,重新着手进行度量衡改革。在充分吸收清末改制方案和民国元年方案优点的基础之上,当局创造性地设计出“甲、乙制并行”的新方案。新度量衡制度颁布后,中央政府开始在北京、山西、江苏等地区局部试行。然限于诸多因素,度量衡划一推行得并不顺利。尽管该时期划一度量衡的探索与实践存在诸多问题,但北京政府对本土与外来度量衡制度的承袭、融合与创新,为中国近代商业制度的建立提供了有益探索,该时期亦成为近代商业制度转型的关键时期。After the establishment of the Republic of China,the Ministry of Commerce and Industry proposed a new weights and measures reform program,which eliminated the purport of“Following tradition”in the Late Qing Dynasty s New Deal and transplanted the internationally accepted system completely.While this new program eventually died because of the neglection of how to integrate it with the national conditions.In 1914,Zhang Jian took up the chief post of the Ministry of Commerce and Agriculture,he started to reform the weights and measures system again.On the foundation of fully absorbing the advantages of the program in the late Qing Dynasty and the year of 1912,the authorities designed a new plan creatively,which paralleled the Construction ruler-Kuping system and the internationally accepted system.With the enactment of this new system,the central government began to put it into practice in some areas,such as Beijing,Shanxi,and Jiangsu.However the actual implementation of the unification was not smooth limited to many factors.Although there were many problems during the exploration and practice,the Beijing Government of the Republic of China still inherited,integrated and innovated the local and foreign systems of weights and measures,which provided useful explorations for the establishment of China s modern commercial system and the period also became the key period for the transformation of modern commercial systems.

关 键 词：民国北京政府 度量衡划一 万国公制 

分 类 号：K258.4[历史地理—历史学]