基于气候变化特征的广西春玉米播期研究  

Sowing dates of spring maize in Guangxi based on climate change characters

作　　者：黄开健[1] 黄爱花[1] 莫润秀[1] 廖金秀 韦新兴[1] 翟瑞宁 邹成林[1] 郑德波[1] 谭华[1] 韦秀清 HUANG Kai-jian;HUANG Ai-hua;MO Run-xiu;LIAO Jin-xiu;WEI Xin-xing;ZHAI Rui-ning;ZOU Cheng-lin;ZHENG De-bo;TAN Hua;WEI Xiu-qing(Maize Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning 530007,China;Pingguo Soil and FertilizerWork Station,Pingguo,Guangxi 531499,China)

机构地区：[1]广西农业科学院玉米研究所,南宁530007 [2]平果县土壤肥料工作站,广西平果531499

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2018年第7期1304-1310,共7页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0101206-6);国家现代农业产业技术体系广西创新团队建设项目(nycytxgxcxtd)

摘　　要：【目的】基于广西气候变化特征,研究不同播期对春玉米生长发育及产量、农艺性状的影响,确定最佳播期并选择合适的品种基因型,为提高广西春玉米产量潜力提供理论依据。【方法】2017年以玉米早熟品种青青700及晚熟品种华优168为试验材料,设8个不同播期(2月7日、2月14日、2月21日、2月28日、3月7日、3月14日、3月21日和3月28日)处理,观测收集玉米生育期内的气象数据,记载玉米各生育时期,并测量玉米株高、产量及产量构成因素。【结果】2月低温少雨,玉米出苗较慢,平均需17.3 d;3月适温多雨,玉米出苗较快,平均需13.5 d。随播期延迟,玉米生育期缩短,播期每延迟7.0 d,生育期平均缩短3.9 d,生育期缩短主要表现在出苗至抽雄阶段。早熟品种青青700的籽粒产量随播期延迟先升后降,最高值出现在2月28日播期处理;晚熟品种华优168在3月21日前的不同播期籽粒产量变化不明显,但晚于3月21日播种其籽粒产量显著下降(P<0.05)。播期对玉米株高、出籽率、百粒重、穗粒数存在不同程度的影响。【结论】气温、光照时数和降雨量是影响春玉米出苗与生长发育的主要因素;随播期延迟,生育期内日平均气温升高,光照时数减少,导致玉米生育期缩短,且早熟品种产量受播期影响程度大于晚熟品种。广西春玉米最适宜播期为2月中旬至3月上旬,晚熟品种适宜播期可延长至3月中旬。【Objective】Based on climate change characters in Guangxi,the influence of different sowing periods on growth,yield and agronomic characters of spring maize were conducted.The optimal sowing period and varieties were determined,which provided theoretical basis for high yield and high efficiency production of spring maize in Guangxi.【Method】In this study,the early maturity maize variety Qingqing 700 and late maturity maize variety Huayou 168 were used as experimental materials,and eight different sowing times(7 February,14 February,21 February,28 February,7 March,14 March,21 March and 28 March)were chosen.The meteorological data during maize growth period as well as various maize growth stages were recorded,and plant height,yield and yield components were also detected.【Result】In February,the temperature was low and the precipitation was few,so the maize seedling emergence took 17.3 days on average,which was slow.In March,the temperature and rain was suitable for maize seedling emergence,and it took 13.5 days on average for seedling emergence.With the delay of the sowing time,the total growth period was shortened.For every 7.0 d delay in sowing,the growth period was shortened by 3.9 d.The shortening of growth period was mainly manifested in seedling emergence to tasseling stage.The yield of early maturity variety Qingqing 700 was first increased with the delay of sowing time and then decreased,and the maximum yield appeared in 28 February sowing date treatment.The grain yield variation of late maturity Huayou 168 was not obvious among different sowing dates before 21 March,but grain yield decreased significantly in treatments later than 21 March(P<0.05).The effect of different sowing dates on plant height,grain yield,grain weight and grain number per ear was at different levels.【Conclusion】The temperature,light hours and rainfall are the main factors affecting the seedling emergence and growth of spring maize.With the delay of sowing time,the average daily temperature increases,the number of light h

关 键 词：春玉米 播期 生长发育 产量 

分 类 号：S513.042[农业科学—作物学]