超越社会契约:西欧和美国福利国家的重构  

Beyond the Social Compact: Redesigning the Welfare State in Western Europe and the United States

作　　者：艾丽斯·凯斯勒-哈里斯 于留振(译者)[2] 王希(审校)[3,4] Alice Kessler-Harris(R.Gordon Hoxie Professor of American History,Emerita,Columbia University)

机构地区：[1]美国哥伦比亚大学戈登·霍克西美国史 [2]重庆大学人文社会科学高等研究院 [3]北京大学历史学系 [4]美国宾夕法尼亚州印第安纳大学历史系

出　　处：《美国研究》2018年第4期149-160,共12页The Chinese Journal of American Studies

摘　　要：在20世纪大部分时间里,西方工业国家都认为,资本和劳工间的合作关系将带来社会稳定,确保工业收益。双方以此为基础的社会契约不仅规定了在政治层面对权力的分享,而且假定民主参与会不断地得到扩展。20世纪末,当面临全球化(它导致了国内制造业从外国寻求工业劳动力)、金融化(它使得货币交易活动获得了更多的利润)、放松管制(由一种市场原教旨主义的意识形态的推动而得以实施),以及工会影响力明显衰减的趋势时,这种合作关系便崩溃了。这些趋势联合起来,将普通民众手中的权力转移到了一个富有的财阀统治集团的掌控之中,这对美国和西欧的民主构成了威胁。For most of the twentieth century,western industrial nations assumed that a cooperative relationship between capital and labor would provide social stability and protect the profits of industry.The social compact involved sharing power at the political level and assumed an extension of democratic participation.In the late twentieth century,the cooperative relationship broke down in the face of globalization that enabled industry to look outside their national borders for manufacturing labor;financialization,which provided greater profits from trading money;de-regulation promoted by an ideology of market fundamentalism;and the diminution of trade union influence.These trends combined to have threatened democracy in the United States and Western Europe by removing power from the hands of the public in general and placing it in the grasp of a wealthy plutocracy.

关 键 词：美国社会 福利国家 工会 社会契约 资本 社会权利 公民权 

分 类 号：D57[政治法律—政治学]