黑土区坡耕地横坡垄作措施防治土壤侵蚀的土槽试验  

Soil-bin experiment on effects of contour ridge tillage for controlling hillslope soil erosion in black soil region

作　　者：王磊 何超 郑粉莉 边锋[3] 覃超[1] 徐锡蒙 Wang Lei;He Chao;Zheng Fenli;Bian Feng;Qin Chao;Xu Ximeng(State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on Loess Plateau,Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation CAS&MWR,Yangling 712100,China;College of Natural Resource and Environment,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,杨凌712100 [3]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,杨凌712100

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2018年第15期141-148,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助(2016YFE0202900);国家自然科学基金项目(41571263)。

摘　　要：为了研究黑土区坡耕地横坡垄作防治坡面土壤侵蚀的效应,该文利用8 m×1.5 m的试验土槽,设计3个降雨强度(50、75和100 mm/h)、1个典型坡度(5°)以及横坡垄作和无垄作(平坡裸地对照试验)的试验处理进行模拟降雨试验,研究东北黑土区横坡垄作坡面在不同降雨强度下的防治坡面侵蚀效应。结果表明:横坡垄作在50 mm/h降雨强度下坡面基本不发生土壤侵蚀,但在75和100 mm/h降雨强度下会发生断垄,造成防蚀效应急剧降低。横坡垄作坡面的径流和侵蚀过程均明显存在以断垄时间为界的突变,在3个降雨强度下,横坡垄作断垄前可使坡面径流量和侵蚀量分别减少97.7%和99.1%以上,坡面蓄渗率达到97.2%以上;而断垄后坡面径流量和侵蚀量分别增加23.3~25.9倍和136.8~171.5倍,蓄渗率下降至50%以下。试验研究表明横坡垄作在≤50 mm/h的降雨强度下具有很好的坡面防治侵蚀效应,但当遇到强降雨时易发生断垄,防蚀效应急剧降低。Ridge tillage is the most common tillage method in Mollisol region of Northeast China,and contour ridge tillage is one of the practices to promote soil and water conservation on the farmland.However,the effects of contour ridge tillage for controlling hillslope soil erosion and its erosion process under different rainfall intensities have not been fully investigated.Studying the hillslope soil erosion controlling effects of contour ridge can provide basic information for designing hillslope soil conservation practices.A simulated rainfall experiment was designed to study the effects of contour ridge tillage for controlling hillslope soil erosion in balck soil region of northeast China,three rainfall intensities(50,75 and 100 mm/h),one slope gradient(5°),two surface treatments of contour ridge tillage and flat tillage were conducted,and a soil box with 8 m long and 3 m wide was used in this study.The results showed that contour ridge tillage has a significant effect on erosion prevention under rainfall intensity of 50 mm/h,and there was almost no runoff and soil loss compared with flat hillslope.In 75 and 100 mm/h treatments,the runoff and soil loss processes on contour ridge hillslope obviously had abrupt changes before and after the ridge failure.Compared with the flat tillage hillslope,before contour ridges failure,the contour ridge tillage reduced more than 97.7%of runoff and soil loss,runoff intensities and erosion rates were 0.01-0.06 times and 0.01-0.02 times lower than that of flat hillslope,respectively,and water storage capacities for contour ridge hillslope under three rainfall intensities were greater than 97.2%,which indicated that contour ridge tillage had a satisfactory effect for controlling hillslope soil erosion.However,when contour ridges failure occurred,soil loss greatly increased and correspondingly effects of contour ridge tillage for controlling hillslope sharply decreased.Hillslope soil loss was closely responding to runoff rate after ridges failure.The runoff and soil loss after ridges f

关 键 词：土壤 侵蚀 径流 横坡垄作 防蚀效应 断垄 黑土区 模拟降雨 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]