基于盆地模拟技术的烃源岩热演化史及油气关系研究——以塔里木盆地玉尔吐斯组为例  

Study on the thermal history of the source rock and its relationship with hydrocarbon accumulation based on the basin modeling technology:A case of the Yuertusi Formation of Tarim Basin

作　　者：郑见超 李斌[1,2] 吴海燕[3] 袁倩 刘羿伶 肖鹏程 李琪琪 曾垒 ZHENG Jianchao;LI Bin;WU Haiyan;YUAN Qian;LIU Yiling;XIAO Pengcheng;LI Qiqi;ZENG Lei(State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation,Southwest Petroleum University,Chengdu City,Sichuan Province,610500,China;School of Geoscience and Technology,Southwest Petroleum University,Chengdu City,Sichuan Province,610500,China;SINOPEC Research Institute of Petroleum Engineering,Beijing City,100101,China;Exploration&Development Research Institute,Southwest Oil&Gas Field Company,PetroChina,Chengdu City,Sichuan Province,610500,China)

机构地区：[1]西南石油大学油气藏地质及开发工程国家重点实验室,四川成都610500 [2]西南石油大学地球科学与技术学院,四川成都610500 [3]中国石化石油工程技术研究院,北京100101 [4]中国石油西南油气田分公司勘探开发研究院,四川成都610500

出　　处：《油气地质与采收率》2018年第5期39-49,共11页Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency

基　　金：油气藏地质及开发工程国家重点实验室基金(PLN201616)

摘　　要：塔里木盆地油气资源丰富,下寒武统玉尔吐斯组是深层碳酸盐岩沉积中重要的烃源岩发育层系之一,加之上覆的中-下寒武统台缘礁滩储层物性好、规模大,具有巨大的资源潜力。在重新落实玉尔吐斯组烃源岩分布范围的基础上,利用盆地模拟技术,建立单井的热演化史、生烃史和油气运移史模型,进一步刻画有效液态、气态烃源岩的分布和运移范围,判别油气运移的优势方向,最终预测油气运聚的有利区带。结果表明,玉尔吐斯组烃源岩在构造运动和热液活动的双重控制下,经历了加里东晚期和海西晚期2个主要的生烃期,热演化程度呈东早西晚的趋势。二叠纪后,除了巴楚隆起西南缘至塔西南一带进入生油高峰外,其余地区几乎进入生烃停滞阶段,生烃枯竭范围逐渐扩大。液态烃在加里东中期聚集于坳陷低隆起,加里东晚期聚集于坳陷周缘斜坡带;气态烃主要在加里东晚期至海西晚期大规模聚集于坳陷周缘斜坡带,并通过断裂向上覆地层运移。除塔西南地区外,有利的烃类聚集带在二叠纪后基本定型,大型古隆起及周缘低隆起和斜坡带依然是有利的聚集区。海西晚期在顺托果勒北部地区出现油气交汇,使其成为盆地最有利的油气聚集带。塔西南地区在海西晚期的构造反转使前期油藏大部分遭受破坏,有利的聚集带指向了巴楚隆起西南部。共预测9个有利液态烃聚集带和10个有利气态烃聚集带。The Yuertusi Formation in the Lower Cambrian is one of the important source rocks in the deep-buried carbon-ate sediments,Tarim Basin.It is overlaid by the lower-middle Cambrian reservoir which is platform-edge reef bank facies and has good physical property and large-scale distribution.With the deepening of the exploration,a new understanding on the distribution of the source rock in the Yuertusi Formation was proposed.On this basis,the single-well models of thermal history and hydrocarbon generation and migration were built to further define the distribution of effective liquid and gas-eous hydrocarbon source rock and determine the dominant directions of hydrocarbon migration using the basin modeling technology,and finally the favorable zones of petroleum migration and accumulation were predicted.The research result suggests that:①the source rock in the Yuertusi Formation experienced two main hydrocarbon generation periods,which are the late Caledonian movement and the late Hercynian movement under the control of tectonic and hydrothermal activi-ty,and the thermal evolution degree was relatively high in the east and relatively low in the west;②After the Permian,the source rock was mainly in the stagnation stage of hydrocarbon generation and its scope of expanded gradually,except the re-gion from the southwest edge of the Bachu uplift to the southwest of the Tarim Basin where the source rock entered the hy-drocarbon generation peak;③the liquid hydrocarbon accumulated in the low uplifts during the middle Caledonian and in the slopes around depressions during the late Caledonian,while the gaseous hydrocarbon mainly accumulated in a large scale in slopes around depressions from the late Caledonian to the late Hercynian and migrated along faults,up into the overlying strata,and after the Permian,the favorable hydrocarbon accumulation zones are basically finalized except the southwest of Tarim Basin,which are the large-scale palaeo-uplift and the low peripheral uplifts and slopes;④the junction of oil and gas

关 键 词：玉尔吐斯组 烃源岩 盆地模拟 热演化史 油气聚集带 塔里木盆地 

分 类 号：TE121.11[石油与天然气工程—油气勘探]