土耳其政治发展道路的反思与启示  

Reflection on the Path of Political Development in Turkey and Its Enlightenment

作　　者：李艳枝[1] Li Yanzhi

机构地区：[1]辽宁大学历史学院

出　　处：《西亚非洲》2018年第4期61-85,共25页West Asia and Africa

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目"土耳其正义与发展党执政理念与实践研究"(13CSS020)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：土耳其的政治发展道路内涵丰富,从政权模式、政治文化和政党政治三个维度可以探究土耳其的政治制度变迁趋势、政治发展道路的路径选择。《宪法》的更新和修订体现出土耳其从君主立宪制到议会共和制再到总统制的转变,说明其宪政秩序趋于巩固;从奉行世俗主义到调和伊斯兰主义与世俗主义的过渡,表明其主导意识形态趋于多元化;从一党制到多党制再到一党独大的变迁,彰显该国政党政治的发展变化。土耳其探索政治发展道路的历史进程表明:理解土耳其政治发展道路需要将其置于历史发展的长河中来考察;建立现代政治制度,需要消除传统政治文化中的负面因素;发展中国家需遵循社会稳定优先和稳步渐进的原则,推进政治民主化;政治民主化有多种实现路径,需要植根于本土国情和顺应现实需要。当下,土耳其仍然面临政治治理的困境和现代化发展的难题,需要"不忘本来,吸收外来,面向未来",不断探索适应自身特色的政治发展道路。The path of political development in Turkey is a concept with rich contents.We can explore the trend of political system and the path of political development in Turkey from the three dimensions of political institutions,political culture and political party politics.The renewal and amendment of the constitution reflects the transformation of the regime from the constitutional monarchy,to the parliamentary system and then to the presidential system in different historical stages.It shows that Turkish constitutional order tends to be consolidated.Turkey pursues the secularism in the early Republic,and now it tries to reconcile Islamism and secularism,which shows that its dominant ideology is pluralistic.Turkey has experienced a huge transformation from one-party system to multi-party system,and now,the AKP has the dominant status,which suggests the development of party politics system.In order to better understand Turkish development path,it is necessary to put it in the long history and eliminate the negative factors in traditional political culture.Developing countries should follow the principle of social stability priority and gradual progress to promote democracy.There are many ways to realize political democratization.One hand,democracy must be based on national condition;on the other hand,it should suit the needs of the reality.At present,Turkey is still faced with dilemma of political governance and the difficult problems of modernization.It is necessary to“cherish the cultural roots,draw on other cultures and be forward-thinking”,and constantly explore the path of political development with its own characteristics.

关 键 词：政治发展 道路自信 土耳其 政治体制 政治文化 政党政治 

分 类 号：D737.4[政治法律—政治学]