油菜精量排种器变量补种系统设计与试验  

Design and experiment on variable reseeding system for rapeseed precision metering device

作　　者：丁幼春[1,2] 杨军强 张莉莉[1,2] 朱凯 Ding Youchun;Yang Junqiang;Zhang Lili;Zhu Kai(College of Engineering,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学工学院,武汉430070 [2]农业农村部长江中下游农业装备重点实验室,武汉430070

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2018年第16期27-36,共10页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0200600;2016YFD0200606);湖北省技术创新专项重大项目(2016ABA094)

摘　　要：针对油菜精量排种器的漏播问题,该文设计了油菜精量排种器变量补种系统。该补种系统由漏播检测装置、排种盘测速装置、变量补种装置及补种监测显示装置组成,各装置间指令和数据采用无线方式进行有序实时传输。漏播检测装置采用压电原理感应排种种子流序列,并利用MSP430单片机时间捕获中断功能实时采集排种种子流时间间隔序列和周期内排种数序列,接收排种盘测速装置测得的理论排种频率并确定检测周期,结合基于时变窗口的漏播实时检测方法计算漏播系数等参数,并根据变量补种策略获得对应补种转速,将其发送至变量补种装置及补种监测显示装置。变量补种装置由螺管式补种器、直流减速电机、单片机控制系统、PWM(pulse-width modulation)电机驱动系统、无线模块和电源组成,接收补种转速指令,并通过对应的占空比驱动电机实现变量补种。补种监测显示装置滚动刷新显示最近10个检测周期的漏播补种参数,便于对变量补种系统调试及监测系统运行状态。变量补种系统试验表明:在正常播种速率范围内,补种装置补种量与排种器当量漏播量比值稳定在1.2~1.4,补种后无漏播存在。该变量补种系统可为油菜等小粒径种子漏播补种技术与装置提供有效支撑。Precision seeding plays an important role in intelligent agricultural machinery development because of its advantages of saving seeds,reducing labor intensity,improving operation efficiency and increasing farmers'income.Loss sowing caused by complex field environment and mechanical faults such as clogged seeding holes,pressure fluctuation and faster rotation speed of seeding plate is inevitable for rapeseed pneumatic precision metering device.Artificial reseeding or transplanting in the later stage not only increases manpower and material resources consumption but also delays farming season,reduces crop yield.Thus,loss sowing detection and automatic reseeding system has become one of the development trends in intelligent precision seeding.In recent years,domestic and foreign scholars carried out many related studies on loss sowing detection and reseeding system,mainly for potato,corn,wheat and other large and medium seeds.Few studies have focused on loss sowing detection and reseeding system for rapeseed and other small seeds because of its small size,light weight and high frequency seeding.Ding Youchun put forward a loss sowing detection algorithm to evaluate seeding performance for rapeseed precision device and designed a spiral-tube reseeding device.However,a relatively complete system of loss sowing detection and reseeding system was not proposed.In this study,a variable reseeding system for rapeseed precision metering device was designed and tested.The system was composed of loss sowing detection device,rotation speed measuring device of seeding plate,variable reseeding device and reseeding monitoring display device.The commands and data between components of this system were orderly transmitted for real-time businesses by nRF24L01 wireless transceiver module.Discs with magnetic steel array(which magnetic steel numbers weres proportional to seeding holes)synchronously rotated with seeding plate,and rotation speed measuring device of seeding plate sensed magnetic steel with hall sensor to acquire theoretical

关 键 词：农业机械 设计 种子 油菜精量排种器 漏播检测装置 变量补种 无线传输 

分 类 号：S223.25[农业科学—农业机械化工程]