乡村治理有效的实现路径:农村改革试验区的经验探索  

The Effective Realization Path of Rural Governance: Exploring the Experience of Rural Reform Experiments

作　　者：周应恒[1] 刘余[1] ZHOU Yingheng;LIU Yu(Nanjing Agricultural University,210095)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学经济管理学院

出　　处：《财经智库》2018年第4期118-130,144,共14页Financial Minds

摘　　要：中华人民共和国成立近70年以来,我国农村经历了计划经济体制探索到恢复家庭经营的巨大制度变革。改革开放40年以来,伴随着工业化和城市化的快速发展,乡村的人口、经济和社会文化环境都发生了深刻变化,经过乡村合并与整合,传统乡村的治理格局被打破。特别是集体经济组织和党组织的引领作用在不少地区已经弱化,村民自治制度并没有落实到位,乡村基层治理呈现出低效状态。当前农业农村发展的不充分成为实现国家全面小康与现代化目标的最大短板和短腿。为了加快推进农业农村的现代化,党的十九大确立了实施乡村振兴的重大战略,明确了"健全自治、法治、德治相结合(以下简称"三治"结合)的乡村治理体系"的目标。近年来社会各界就乡村治理问题展开了诸多有益探讨,明确了"三治"结合作为新时代乡村治理的基本要求,更是确保实现乡村振兴的重要内容和必要条件。但是究竟怎样才能实现乡村治理有效,"三治结合"的具体模式与路径等内容的讨论亟待深入。本文通过梳理部分农村综合改革试验区相关改革探索的经验,发现适度调整乡村自治范围、充分发挥党组织的引领作用、真正落实村民自治、激发乡村内生动力,是推动乡村"三治"结合、实现乡村治理有效的重要路径,对于我国全面实施乡村振兴战略具有重要的参考意义。In the past 70 years since the founding of the People’s Republic of China,China’s rural areas have experienced tremendous institutional changes in the exploration of the planned economic system to the restoration of family management.Since the reform and opening up 40 years ago,along with the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization,the rural population,economic and social cultural environment have occurred.After profound changes,the rural villages have been merged and integrated,and the governance pattern of traditional villages has been broken.In particular,the leading role of collective economic organizations and party organizations has weakened in many areas,the system of village selfgovernment has not been put in place,and rural grassroots governance has shown ineffi ciency.The current inadequacy of agricultural and rural development has become the biggest shortcoming and short leg of the country’s overall well-off and modernization goals.In order to accelerate the modernization of agriculture and rural areas,the 19th National Congress established a major strategy for implementing rural revitalization.It also clarified the goal of“a rural governance system that combines sound autonomy,rule of law,and rule of virtue(hereinafter referred to as“three governance”).In recent years,various sectors of the community have carried out many useful discussions on rural governance issues,clarifying the“three governance”.Combining the basic requirements of rural governance in the new era is also an important part and necessary condition for ensuring the realization of rural revitalization.However,how to achieve the effectiveness of rural governance,the discussion of the specifi c mode and path of the combination of“three governance”needs to be further explored.By combing the experience of relevant reforms and explorations in some rural comprehensive reform pilot zones,this paper fi nds that the scope of rural autonomy is moderately adjusted,the leading role of party organizations is full

关 键 词：乡村治理 三治结合 主体地位 改革经验 路径建议 

分 类 号：Q15[生物学—普通生物学] Q18