新疆赛里木湖3种引进白鲑鱼类的DNA条形码分析  

DNA barcoding analysis of three Coregonus species in the Sayram Lake of Xinjiang

作　　者：常玉梅[1] 孙博[1] 苏宝锋[1] 梁利群[1] 侯玉军 CHANG Yumei;SUN Bo;SU Baofeng;LIANG Liqun;HOU Yujun(National&Local United Engineering Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Breeding;Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Biotechnology and Genetic Breeding,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs;Key Laboratory of Fish Stress Resistance Breeding and Germplasm Characteristics on Special Habitats,Chinese ;Xinjiang Saihu Fishery Technological Development Co.Ltd.,Bole 833400,China)

机构地区：[1]淡水鱼类育种国家地方联合工程实验室,农业农村部淡水水产生物技术与遗传育种重点实验室,中国水产科学研究院特殊生境鱼类种质特性与抗逆育种重点实验室,中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150070 [2]新疆赛湖渔业科技开发有限公司,新疆博乐833400

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2018年第4期819-826,共8页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：科技部科技基础性工作专项(2013FY110700);中国水产科学研究院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(2014A11JC04).

摘　　要：本研究采用DNA条形码技术对新疆赛里木湖引进种贝加尔凹目白鲑(Coregonus migratorius)、高白鲑(Coregonus peled)和宽鼻白鲑(Coregonus nasus)进行了种质鉴定和遗传多样性分析。单倍型检测发现,3种白鲑共检测到15种单倍型,其中贝加尔凹目白鲑独享5种,宽鼻白鲑7种,高白鲑5种,后二者共享2种单倍型为高白鲑特有单倍型,表明二者存在不同程度的基因交流,高白鲑可能将其基因通过杂交渐渗到宽鼻白鲑群体内。系统发育分析显示,15种单倍型分成3组分别聚类在3个不同分支上,每个分支所属白鲑分别与其发表序列聚在一起,表明赛里木湖引进的3种白鲑仍保持着原种良好的种源特性;而贝加尔凹目白鲑的近缘种秋白鲑(Coregonus autumnalis)则单独聚为一支,与贝加尔凹目白鲑的遗传距离最大(0.027),支持将二者划分为两个独立种。遗传多样性分析显示,3种白鲑的遗传多样性适中,但由于宽鼻白鲑存在杂交的可能性,因而其遗传多样性高于贝加尔凹目白鲑和高白鲑。建议赛里木湖渔业生产部门继续在繁殖、捕鱼等生产方式上进行科学规划,引进先进的种质鉴定技术,避免人工杂交造成的种质污染;同时维持和提高白鲑属鱼类的遗传多样性,保证湖区特色渔业的可持续发展。The germplasm and genetic diversity of three Coregonus species introduced in the Sayram Lake of the Xinjiang Province,Baikal omul(Coregonus migratorius),peled(Coregonus peled)and broad whitefish(Coregonus nasus),were characterized using DNA barcoding of the CO I gene.A total of 15 haplotypes were found in the three species of interest,of which five haplotypes were identified for the Baikal omul,seven for broad whitefish,and five for peled;the latter two shared two common haplotypes,indicative of gene introgression from C.peled to C.nasus,based on the haplotype analysis.Construction of a phylogenetic tree using the neighbor-joining method showed that 15 haplotypes were divided into three different branches,and each branch was respectively clustered with the published sequences,which indicated that the Coregonus species introduced to the Sayram Lake had still been maintaining good provenance characteristics;C.autumnalis,which had the largest genetic distance(0.027)to its close species C.migratorius,had clustered independently.Genetic diversity of the three species is moderate,and C.nasus had a higher genetic diversity than C.migratorius and C.peled because of the possibility of hybridization between C.peled and C.nasus.We recommend that the fishery production department in the Sayram Lake continue planning the breeding,fishing,and other production activities scientifically,and importing advanced germplasm identification technology to avoid germplasm contamination caused by artificial hybridization.Meanwhile,it is necessary to improve and maintain the genetic diversity of the Coregonus species,thus,ensuring the sustainable development of fishery in the lake.

关 键 词：赛里木湖 白鲑属 DNA条形码 种质鉴定 遗传多样性 

分 类 号：S917[农业科学—水产科学]