中国农业劳动力转移的减贫效应研究  

A Study on Poverty Reduction Effects of Transferring Agricultural Labor Force in China

作　　者：张桂文[1] 王青[1] 张荣[2] Zhang Guiwen

机构地区：[1]辽宁大学经济学院 [2]河南职业技术学院

出　　处：《中国人口科学》2018年第4期18-29,126,共13页Chinese Journal of Population Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目"制度变迁视角下的中国二元经济转型研究"(编号:11&ZD146)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：文章基于逻辑推演与数理分析相结合的方法,从非农就业增加农民的非农收入、促进农业规模经营提高农业收入、提高人力资本存量增强农民的收入挣得能力,以及降低农业人口占比提高农民的政策影响力4个方面分析了农业劳动力转移的减贫作用机理,并在此基础上,对中国农业劳动力转移的减贫效应进行了计量检验,结果表明,中国农业劳动力非农转移显著降低了贫困发生率,对农村减贫起到了至关重要的作用。同时,农业转移人口的平均受教育年限、国家财政支农、农村金融发展和农村基础设施建设对减轻农村贫困也有重要影响。文章建议,为更好地发挥农业劳动力转移的减贫效应,要促进农业转移人口市民化,深化农村土地制度改革,推进财政、金融体制改革,实施差别化的扶贫政策。Employing the methods of logical deduction and mathematical analysis,the paper analyzes the effects of agricultural labor’s transferring on reducing rural poverty.Four mechanisms are proposed as follows:to increase non-agricultural income through non-farm employment,to increase agricultural income by promoting scale operation of land,to improve farmers’earning ability by increasing their human capital stock,and to improve farmers’influences on policy making by reducing the agricultural population.The paper uses econometric analyses to test these mechanisms empirically.The results show that the transfer of Chinese agricultural labor significantly reduces poverty incidence and plays a vital role in poverty reduction in the rural areas.Meanwhile,the average years of education among rural labor force,national financial support for agriculture,rural finance,and rural infrastructure construction have important impacts on rural poverty reduction.In order to strengthen the poverty reduction effect of transferring agricultural labor force in the new era,it is necessary to promote the urbanization of transferred rural population,to deepen the reform of rural land system and that of the state financial and monetary systems,and to implement differentiated poverty alleviation policies.

关 键 词：农业劳动力转移 减贫 人力资本 

分 类 号：F323.6[经济管理—产业经济]