身份变换与权威再造:苏联解体后中亚东干人精英的社会组织化过程  

Status Transformation and Authority Reconstruction: The Social Organization of Dunggan Elites in Central Asian after the Collapse of the Soviet Union

作　　者：李如东 

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学“一带一路”建设与中亚研究协同创新中心/中央民族大学少数民族事业发展协同创新中心,西安710119

出　　处：《世界民族》2018年第4期98-110,共13页Journal of World Peoples Studies

基　　金：本文系国家社会科学基金重大项目“少数民族海外华人研究”(项目号:14ZDB114)、“‘一带一路’沿线各国民族志研究及数据库建设”(项目号:17ZDA156)、国家民委项目“苏联解体后中亚东干族民族观的再组织研究”(项目号:2017-GME-039)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：本文考察不同类型东干人精英在苏联解体后的中亚"新语境"中完成其身份变换和权威构建的过程。文章通过实地调查和文献研究指出,苏联解体后商人和宗教人士成为东干族人数较多的精英群体。知识分子和公职人员虽仍具有社会影响力,但人数已经相对较少。在再造权威的过程中,部分个人和群体借助经济、社会和文化资源完成身份转换,成功跻身精英行列;而苏联时期位于较高社会层级的群体中则有重组社会资源并巩固其社会权威者,有凭借个人品行赢得声望者,亦有滑入较低社会层级者。东干族精英在权威建构过程中形成了相互依赖与竞争的关系;这种关系是其社会变迁的基本特征,它与苏联解体后中亚"新语境"中的政治、经济、宗教、社会和文化等因素的彼此交织有颇多关联。This article presents the fulfillment of status transformation and authority reconstruction by various Donggan elites in the“new context”of Central Asia after Soviet Union collapsed.It is observed that businessmen and religionists have formed the majority of Donggan elites.Although dwindling in numbers,influential intellectuals and government officials still exist in this elite group.In the process of authority reconstruction,some individuals have achieved status transformation into elites by means of economic,social and cultural recourses.Those who were in higher social positions in the Soviet Union were met with different fate.Some engaged themselves in utilizing social recourses to reconstruct and strengthen their social authority.Some won social prestige by individual merits and charisma.Others slipped into lower social statuses.The Donggan elites have formed a certain interdependent and yet competitive relationship with one another in the process of authority reconstruction,which typifies the social changes and relates itself with the political,economic,religious,social and cultural factors of the“new context”of Central Asia after the collapse of the Soviet Union.

关 键 词：中亚 东干人 社会精英 社会组织化过程 

分 类 号：D632.9[政治法律—政治学]