中世纪盛期英国城市化水平研究述评  

A Review of Studies on the Level of Urbanization in England in the High Middle Ages

作　　者：谷延方 Gu Yanfang

机构地区：[1]天津师范大学欧洲文明研究院

出　　处：《世界历史》2018年第4期147-154,159,共9页World History

基　　金：2014年国家社科基金项目"近代早期英国人口流动与乡村变迁"(批准文号:14YSS0024);天津市高校"学科领军人才培养计划"资助项目成果

摘　　要：作为最早完成城市化与工业化的国家,英国的城市化问题一直备受学界关注。学界关于中世纪英国城市化水平存在多种判断,以"政治、法律制度"为视角者认为城市化水平较低,而偏重于"城市人口量"及"非农行业"者则认为城市化水平相对较高。对中世纪英国城市化水平研究概况进行梳理,可以看出这些研究视角或估算标准均存在一定局限性。客观准确地考察城市化水平,需要重新解读中世纪城市的定义,分析定义里"政治、法律制度"、"城市人口量"和"非农行业"三要素的关系。只有确定了中世纪城市的独有属性要素,才能厘清各要素之间的分歧与矛盾,为准确估算城市化水平提供理论依据。England is the first country which completed the urbanization and industrialization,and the issue of English urbanization has always attracted many scholars'attention.Historians have various opinions about the level of the medieval English urbanization.Some of them conclude that the medieval English urbanization was in lowlevel from a perspective of‘the political and legal institution’while others consider it in highlevel focusing on‘urban population’and‘nonagricultural industry’.This article surveys those researches from three standards of urban definitions applied by the historians,including institutional,demographic and nonagricultural factors.However,they are sometimes incompatible with each other.More specifically,the third standard of nonagricultural industries is in contrast to the first standard of institutions.From the standpoints of this article,to revalue the level of urbanization requires to view the orthodox definition of‘medieval town’and to analyze the divergence and contradiction among the three factors,providing the theoretical basis for the precise estimation on the level of the English urbanization.

关 键 词：中世纪英国 城市化研究 制度 人口量 非农行业 

分 类 号：F299.561[经济管理—国民经济]