福州地区樟青凤蝶生物学特性  

Biological Characteristics of Graphium sarpedon in Fuzhou Area

作　　者：林建辉[1] 韩小红 华银 何欢 林浩宇[1] 付烈庆 梁光红[1] LIN Jian-hui;HAN Xiao-hong;HUA Yin;HE Huan;LIN Hao-yu;FU Lie-qing;LIANG Guang-hong(College of Foresty,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350002,China)

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学林学院,福州350002

出　　处：《湖北农业科学》2018年第16期62-65,共4页Hubei Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：福建省引导性项目(2016N0002)

摘　　要：采用室内饲养结合野外调查的方法,对福州地区樟青凤蝶(Graphium sarpedon Linnaeue)生物学特性进行观察和研究。结果表明,樟青凤蝶在福州地区的寄主植物种类和数量较多,分布广泛;主要以幼虫为害香樟、肉桂等树木的嫩叶及新梢,影响新叶萌发,降低其观赏效果。该虫1年发生5代,世代重叠现象明显,以蛹越冬,非越冬代平均历期60.5 d,越冬代平均历期136.5 d。卵期约5 d,常单卵产于香樟(Cinnamomum camphora Presl.)嫩叶;幼虫共5龄,历期26~30 d,食量随着龄级增加而增大;多于香樟叶背结蛹,蛹期约16 d,越冬蛹约92 d;成虫历期8~11 d,羽化率为87.5%。依据该虫在福州的危害情况编制其生活史表,为制定科学的防治策略提供依据。此外,饲养过程中还发现约8%的幼虫疑似感染病原而死亡,同时发现天敌广大腿小蜂(Brachymeria lasus Walker)寄生樟青凤蝶,自然寄生率约为3%,对自然种群的控制发挥了重要作用。The morphological traits and biological characteristics of Graphium sarpedon were observed to provide some measures for IPM base on rearing indoor and field investigation.The results were as follows:There were broadly distributed host plant species infested by G.sarpedon in Fuzhou.The ornamental effect of ornamental trees such as C.camphora or C.cassia,were reduced due to leaves infestation of G.sarpedon larvae.This pest had 5 generations per year in Fuzhou and obviously overlapping generations with over-wintering pupa,the duration of one generation was 60.5 d while that of overwintering generation was 136.5 d.The mean duration of eggs was 5 d,and only single egg was laid by female moth on the younger leaf of C.camphora.Larvae had five instars with the mean duration 26~30 d,and feeding capacity increased with larval instar.Pupal stage approximately experienced 16 d while the overwintering duration of pupae was about 92 d on the leaf back.The longevity of moths was 8~11 d with 87.5%eclosion rate.To provide some helpful information for integrated pest management,life cycle table was made based on the dynamics of C.camphora in Fuzhou.In addition,there was roughly eight percent dead caterpillars partially due to entomopathogenic disease and parasitization by Brachymeria lasus Walker,which had 3%of natural parasitism rate,and both biotic factors played important roles to suppress population of C.camphora.

关 键 词：香樟(Cinnamomum camphora Presl.) 樟青凤蝶(Graphium sarpedon Linnaeue) 生物学特性 

分 类 号：S763[农业科学—森林保护学]