鄱阳湖湿地植物群落分布特征及其对土壤环境因子的响应  

Response of Vegetation Distribution to Soil Environmental Factors in Wetlands of Poyang Lake

作　　者：纪昌品[1] 王华 JI Changpin;WANG Hua(School of Public Administration,Nanchang University,Nanchang 330031,China)

机构地区：[1]南昌大学公共管理学院,江西南昌330031

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2018年第8期1424-1431,共8页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目(12CJY031)

摘　　要：土壤是湿地植被生长和植物群落分布的主要影响因子,研究土壤环境因子对鄱阳湖湿地植物群落分布特征的影响有助于深入理解湿地生态系统地球生物循环过程。通过研究鄱阳湖湿地不同生境下植物群落土壤环境因子特征变化,结合冗余分析(Redundancy analysis,RDA)探讨了鄱阳湖湿地主要土壤环境因子及其对植被分布的影响。结果表明,鄱阳湖湿地Jaccard指数、Sorensen指数和Cody指数均表现为样带1(藜蒿-苔草带Cynodon dactylon-Carex cinerascen)<样带2(芦苇-藨草群落Phragmites communis-Phalaris arundinace)<样带3(苔草-狗牙根群落Carex cinerascen-Artemisia selengens)<样带4(苔草-藨草群落Carex cinerascen-Phalaris arundinace),随生境梯度呈递减规律;而Bray curtis指数则表现为样带1>样带2>样带3>样带4,随生境梯度呈递增规律。土壤有机碳、全氮、硝态氮、铵态氮呈一致的变化规律,均表现为样带1>样带2>样带3>样带4,而土壤速效磷表现为样带1>样带3>样带2>样带4,不同植被带土壤全磷含量差异均不显著(P>0.05)。相关性分析表明,不同植被带Bray curtis指数均与土壤养分呈负相关,Jaccard指数、Sorensen指数和Cody指数均呈正相关,沿河岸带的增加,其相关系数的绝对值逐渐增加,而土壤磷素与湿地多样性指数没有显著的相关性(P>0.05)。RDA排序分析表明,土壤环境因子具有明显的生态梯度,土壤有机碳是影响研究区植被分布的最主要因素,土壤全氮是影响湿地植被分布的次要土壤环境因子。Soil factors,affect growth of wetland vegetation,are the hot spots and focal points of the research on wetland processes.Hence,investigations were carried out of variation of various soil environment factors in content in shoaly wetlands typical to the Poyang Lake under four different kinds of plant communities,and RDA(Redundancy analysis)ordination was performed of the 20 vegetation sampling plots,for analysis of major soil environment factors in the shoaly wetlands and their effects of vegetation distribution.Results showed that Jaccard,Sorensen and Cody index showed that Cynodon dactylon-Carex cinerascen<Phragmites communis-Phalaris arundinace<Carex cinerascen-Artemisia selengens<Carex cinerascen-Phalaris arundinace,and decreased with the habitat gradient,while Bray curtis index showed the opposite change trend,and increased with the habitat gradient.Soil total organic carbon,soil total nitrogen,soil nitrate nitrogen and soil ammonium nitrogen showed the same change trend in the order of Cynodon dactylon-Carex cinerascen>Phragmites communis-Phalaris arundinace>Carex cinerascen-Artemisia selengens>Carex cinerascen-Phalaris arundinace,and soil available phosphorus showed Cynodon dactylon-Carex cinerascen>Carex cinerascen-Artemisia selengens>Phragmites communis-Phalaris arundinace>Carex cinerascen-Phalaris arundinace,while there was no significantly difference in soil total phosphorus(P>0.05).Correlation analysis showed that Bray curtis index was negatively correlated to soil nutrients,and Jaccard,Sorensen and Cody index was positive correlated to soil nutrients.Besides,the absolute value of the correlation coefficient increased with the distance from riparian zone.Canonical correspondence analysis showed that soil environmental factors had obvious ecological gradient,and soil total organic carbon was the major factor and soil total nitrogen was also important ones among the soil environment factors affecting distribution of vegetation on wetland soils.

关 键 词：土壤 群落特征 湿地植被 鄱阳湖 

分 类 号：S718[农业科学—林学]