黄绿木霉T1010对花生根腐病生防效果研究  

Biocontrol Effect of Trichoderma aureoviride 1010 on Peanut Root Rot

作　　者：陈建爱[1] 陈为京 刘凤吉[3] CHEN Jian’ai;CHEN Weijing;LIU Fengji(Institute for Application of Atomic Energy and Institute of Agro-food Science and Technology,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science/Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing,Ministry of Agriculture,Ji’nan 250100,China;Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement,Ecology and Physiology,Ji’nan 250100,China;Agricultural Department of Ju’nan City,Ju’nan 276600,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省农业科学院原子能农业应用研究所/农产品研究所/农业部新食品资源加工重点实验室,山东济南250100 [2]山东省作物遗传改良与生态生理重点实验室,山东济南250100 [3]山东省临沂市莒南县农业局,山东莒南276600

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2018年第8期1446-1452,共7页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家花生产业技术体系项目(CARS-13)

摘　　要：土壤种植管理不科学,可导致镰刀菌(Fusarium spp.)成为土壤优势菌,侵染花生(Arachis hypogaea L.)而致其发生根腐病;木霉(Trichoderma spp.)是土壤和植物根际常见真菌、重要生防菌,能防治土传病。2016年和2017年进行盆栽及小区试验,以伤口和自然接种法接种镰刀菌及黄绿木霉(T.aureoviride)T1010,定殖于土壤,观察镰刀菌侵染致花生根腐病,检测T1010对镰刀菌的防治效果。病原菌接种试验结果表明:分自一棵花生病株的5株镰刀菌混合接种处理花生发病严重;根部伤口处接种,花生感病迅速、严重,发病率为100%,病情级数为5~9级;浸种接种镰刀菌,花生主根细短,侧根稀少,病情级数为5级;土壤接种镰刀菌5×10~5 cfu·g^(-1)(干土),接种混合株花生发病严重,出苗率为43.33%,成株发病率为100%,主根、侧根分别比清水对照短72.74%、96.10%,侧根及根瘤数量分别降低97.17%、95.53%。生防试验结果表明:土壤接种病菌后再撒播T1010发酵物,出苗率达90%以上,成苗率为100%,防病效果达73.79%以上;T1010+F组花生主根长是F组的1.73倍,侧根长,侧根数提高数倍,根瘤数大幅度增加,开花多,入土果针多,F组土壤中镰刀菌数量为1.02×10~4 cfu·g^(-1),而T1010+F组仅为F组的3.62%,防病效果为79.16%。小区试验结果表明:空白对照组花生根腐病严重,与常规对照相比,开花下针期T1010处理组花多、根系发达、发病率低,饱果期土壤中镰刀菌数量仅为常规对照的2.62%,防病效果为88.96%,产量增产38.57%。土壤增加外源有益微生物黄绿木霉T1010,控制镰刀菌种群密度,减少农用化学品使用,消弱镰刀菌抗药性和生长力,是花生连作障碍土壤防治花生根腐病有效合理的防治措施。Management of planter soil is so unscientifically that its ecological environment is out of balance,and Fusarium spp.has become the dominant fungi.Peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.)gets root rot when it is infected by Fusarium spp..Trichoderma spp.is a kind of free-living fungi that are common in the soil and the root area,and Trichoderma strains are important biocontrol fungi to control soil-borne diseases.In this paper,Fusarium strain was inoculated into peanut seedlings through wound or natural contact,and Trichoderma aureoviride 1010 was colonized in soil,and pot and plot experiments in 2016 and 2017 were conducted to observe peanut root rot with Fusarium strains and test the control effect of strain T1010 on several Fusarium strains.The result of pathogen inoculation test indicates that mixed spores of 5 Fusarium strains that were isolated from a disease peanut plant would cause serious peanut root rot.When Fusarium strain was inoculated through root wound,the peanut was infected rapidly and seriously.The morbidity rate was 100%,and the disease progression was 5~9.When the Fusarium strain was inoculated in soaking seeds,the main roots of peanuts were thin and short,their lateral roots were rare,and the disease progression was 5.When Fusarium spores of 5×10^5 cfu·g^-1 was inoculated in the soil,the germination rate of mixed spores of 5 Fusarium strains was 43.33%,the morbidity of adult peanut was 100%.Compared with clear water control,the main root and lateral roots were respectively 72.74%and 96.10%shorter,the number of lateral roots and nodules of root were decreased by 97.17%and 95.53%respectively.The biocontrol test result indicated that when the powder formulation of T1010 was broadcasted into the soil after the soil is inoculated by pathogenic fungi,the rate of germinations were more than 90%,the rate of seedling survival was 100%,and the effect of root rot control was more than 73.79%.The peanut root length of the T1010+F group was 1.73 times that of the F group,with long lateral root,several times more lat

关 键 词：镰刀菌 花生根腐病 黄绿木霉 生物防治 

分 类 号：S476[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]