基于大型底栖动物完整性指数B-IBI的东江流域水生态健康评价  

Eco-health Assessment of Dongjiang River Basin Based on Index of Biotic Integrity(B-IBI) of Macroinvertebrates

作　　者：付岚 江源[1] 刘琦[1] 侯兆疆[1] FU Lan;JIANG Yuan;LIU Qi;HOU Zhaojiang(Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization/Faculty of Geographical Science,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;Shenzhen Academy of Environmental Sciences,Shenzhen 518001,China)

机构地区：[1]中药资源保护与利用北京市重点实验室/地理科学学部,北京师范大学,北京100875 [2]深圳市环境科学研究院,广东深圳518001

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2018年第8期1502-1511,共10页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理重大专项第一课题(2017ZX07301-001-03)

摘　　要：为系统评价中国华南地区东江流域河流生态系统健康水平,以大型底栖动物为指示生物,基于96个大型底栖动物样点(16个参照点和80个受损点)数据,对24个底栖候选生物学指数值的分布范围、相关关系和判别能力进行分析,从中筛选出EPT分类单元数、双翅目分类单元数、寡毛类个体百分比、撕食者个体百分比、BMWP分数、ASPT分数构成东江流域的B-IBI(benthic-index of biotic integrity,底栖动物完整性指数)评价体系,采用比值法统一量纲计算B-IBI值,并依据B-IBI值分布的95%分位数法建立健康评价标准:B-IBI>4.78为极好,3.04<B-IBI≤4.78为好,2.17<B-IBI≤3.04为一般,1.80<B-IBI≤2.17为差,B-IBI≤1.80为极差。评价结果表明,96个采样点中4个为"极好";17个为"好";21个为"一般";24个为"差";30个为"极差"。综合来看,整个流域B-IBI评价结果的空间分异规律性较强,"极好"和"好"样点主要分布在中上游山地源头溪流和支流;"一般"级别样点在全流域均有分布;"差"和"极差"样点主要集中在下游高度城市化的平原区及河网区。健康等级差异变化基本呈现为由源头溪流类型—山地丘陵过渡类型—平原河流类型逐渐变差的趋势特征。B-IBI值与坡度呈线性相关关系(R^2=0.22,P=0.000 5);与海拔(R^2=0.36,P=0.007)、城市覆盖比(R^2=0.23,P=0.000 7)、森林覆盖比(R^2=0.27,P=0.000 6)呈指数相关关系。B-IBI适用性较好,可作为东江流域水体环境监测的一种有效手段,同时为东江流域科学管理提供科学依据。The aim for this paper is to systematically evaluate the eco-health level of the Dongjiang River Basin.The research work was carried out by the B-IBI(Benthic-index of biotic integrity)by using macroinvertebrates as indicative organisms.Based on the macroinvertebrate data collected from the 96 sampling sites(16 reference sites and 80 impaired sites)in the Dongjiang River Basin,analysis was done of 24 candidate biological index values for distribution range,correlations and discriminability,and then,six key metrics,including the number of EPT taxa,the number of Diptera taxa,the shredders percentage,the oligochaetes percentage,BMWP score and ASPT score,were detected and entered into the final B-IBI system.Ratioing technique was used separately to uniformized dimensions of parameters and the B-IBI value was calculated for each site.The health evaluation criteria were established based on 95%of the distribution of the B-IBI value:B-IBI>4.78 means excellent;B-IBI varying in the range of 3.04 and 4.78,good;B-IBI in the range of 2.17 and 3.04,fair;B-IBI in the range of 1.80 and 2.17,poor;and B-IBI≤1.80 represents extremely poor.The results of B-IBI indicated that:4 sites were excellent,17 sites were good,21 sites were fair,24 sites were poor and 30 sites were very poor.Spatial variation of B-IBI results showed an obvious degradation gradient:sites of excellent and good mainly distributed in headstreams and tributaries of upper reaches;sites of fair almost distributed in the whole watershed;sites of poor and very poor mainly concentrated in highly urbanized southern down-streams.The grades showed the degeneration trend that from the source stream to the transition type of mountain and hills,and to the gradual deterioration type of plain rivers.The B-IBI value was linear correlated with the river slope(R^2=0.22,P=0.000 5),which was exponential correlated with elevation(R^2=0.36,P=0.000 7),urban percentage(R^2=0.23,P=0.000 7)and forest percentage(R^2=0.27,P=0.000 6).B-IBI can serve as one effective measure of environmenta

关 键 词：B-IBI 健康评价 大型底栖动物 东江流域 

分 类 号：X826[环境科学与工程—环境工程]