近20年中国麻疹的流行与防控  

Measles and Its Control in China in the Past Two Decades

作　　者：方海旭 赵继军[1] FANG Haixu;ZHAO Jijun(Institute of Complexity Science,Qingdao University,Qingdao 266071,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛大学复杂性科学研究所,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《复杂系统与复杂性科学》2018年第1期86-93,共8页Complex Systems and Complexity Science

基　　金：山东省自然科学基金(ZR2018MH037)

摘　　要：为了解近年来中国麻疹的流行防控情况,为麻疹的动态传播模型提供有意义的信息和参数范围,并对麻疹的控制提供重要的理论依据及建议。检索中国麻疹过去20年在流行病学特征、免疫防控、血清学特征及影响因素等方面的相关研究,并对研究结果进行分析和归纳。中国麻疹报告发病数在多年免疫实施后仍具有年周期性,发病高峰在时间上虽有后移,但仍集中在春季;全国不同地区均有发病群体年龄后移现象,即成人发病数占比增高;中国麻疹免疫率整体已达较高水平,但城乡免疫覆盖率不均;强化免疫效果显著;麻疹发病数与环境和气候因素具有显著相关性。中国麻疹的研究缺乏全国范围的流行病学特性的比较性分析、缺乏对城乡间免疫率差异的研究、缺乏多地区各年龄组的血清学数据。对于发病群体的年龄后移等现象,以及麻疹在高免疫率下仍持续流行的原因,需应用动态传播模型进行深入分析。To understand the epidemic of measles in China in the past 20 years,such that to provide important information for dynamical models and to provide theoretical basis and suggestions for control measures to eliminate measles.Reviewed related literature in the past two decades on studies of measles in China,including the epidemiology characteristics of measles,vaccination coverage,supplemental immunization activities(SIA)and their effects,serological investigation in population and the possible driving factors for cases annual seasonality.Reported cases in the post-vaccination era still had annual seasonality,however seasonal peak shifted to late Spring;case percentage in age groups shifted and the percentage in elder population increased;the overall immunization rate of measles in China has reached a high level,but the vaccination coverage in urban and rural areas are uneven;SIA had significant effect on the reduction of measles cases there is a significant correlation between the number of cases of measles and the environmental factors.A nationwide comparative analysis in the epidemiology of measles is lack;it is necessary to study the vaccination coverage difference between rural and urban areas;it is worth to apply dynamical transmission models to analyze the persistent prevalence of measles in China even though there has been a high level vaccination implemented.

关 键 词：麻疹 传播动态 周期性 流行病学 麻疹免疫 

分 类 号：R192.6[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]