近代新疆城市体系构建与城市分布特点的历史审视  

A Historical Survey on the Construction of the Urban System and Characteristics of Urban Distribution of Modern Xinjiang

作　　者：何一民 李琳[4] He Yimin;Li Lin(Sichuan University,Chengdu,610041,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学中国西部边疆安全与发展协同创新中心 [2]四川大学城市研究所 [3]四川大学历史文化学院 [4]四川大学外国语学院

出　　处：《民族学刊》2018年第4期9-20,94-97,共13页Journal of Ethnology

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目"20世纪新疆城市与区域发展研究"(项目编号:11AZS011)阶段性成果

摘　　要：新疆面积虽然广阔,但是适合人类生存的绿洲所占面积小且非常分散,由此决定了新疆城市数量少、规模小且非常分散。另外,新疆位于亚洲中心地带,居于东、西方文化交汇、交流的重要区域,城市文明兴起较早,但分散而弱小的城市文明一般不能长久延续发展。清以前,数量少且非常分散的新疆城市内部之间相互缺乏有机联系。晚清民国时期,随着新疆建省,中央政府对新疆治理的不断加强,新疆区域城市体系逐渐形成。由于受到"三山夹两盆"自然地理环境的影响,新疆城市初步形成了五大区域城市体系,而每一区域城市体系内部的城市分布也各具特色。新疆城市体系的形成和空间分布,一方面与新疆政治、经济、社会和文化的发展有着直接的关系,并有着很强的历史继承性;同时受到自然地理环境的重要影响和制约,充分反映了城市发展的多样性和发展不平衡性。Cities are the centres of regional development,and there is an interactive relationship between cities and regions.With the advancement of society and the strengthening of the division of labour,regional urban systems are often formed with one or more central cities as its core.Urban systems are based on geographical divisions,take regional economic divisions and communication connectivity as its conditions,and also have close relationships with administrative divisions.They change with changes in administrative divisions.In the early and middle Qing dynasty,due to the sparse population,backward economic development,extremely inconvenient communication and transportation,and the small numbers and small scale of cities,the vast Xinjiang region did not form an urban system within which cities were interrelated and had close relationships with the division of labour.Since the establishment of Xinjiang Province in the late Qing Dynasty,the number of cities steadily increased,the scale of urban centres gradually expanded,and the transportation and communication conditions also improved greatly.Five large regional urban systems gradually formed based upon specific geographical areas:1)the first takes the eastern route of the north piedmonts of Tianshan mountain with Dihua(an old name of Urumchi)as its center;2)the second is the Yining-Tacheng-Altai-district urban system which takes Yining as its center,and Tacheng and Altai as its supporting systems;3)the third is the southwest region of southern Xinjiang which takes Kashgar,Yel Qiang and Hetian as its center;4)the fourth is the southeastern region of southern Xinjiang with Aksu as its center;and,5)the fifth is eastern Xinjjiang and takes Kumul and Turpan as its center.Due to the difference in their locations,endowment of natural resources and socio-economic levels of these regional cities,these systems exhibit different development characteristics.I.Changes within the Urban System before and after the establishment of Xinjiang Province 1.The Birth of the Regional Urb

关 键 词：绿洲 近代新疆 城市体系 新疆城市 

分 类 号：C952[社会学—民族学]