棉花光敏雄性核不育突变体PSM4创制及其特性研究  

Research on Creation and Characteristics of Photoperiod Sensitive Genetic Male Sterility Mutant PSM4

作　　者：张朝军[1] ZHANG Chaojun(Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Anyang,He nan 455000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院棉花研究所,河南安阳455000

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2018年第7期1212-1221,共10页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划专项(2016YFD0100505)

摘　　要：为了创造棉花光敏雄性不育系材料,解决杂交制种中人工去雄成本高的问题,自2006年起进行了大规模组织培养,创造棉花突变体,以期筛选出棉花光敏雄性不育材料。2012年在组织培养再生植株后代中发现新型光敏核不育材料PSM4(photoperiod sensitive male sterility mutant of cotton),并于2012~2017年在海南三亚吉阳镇中寥村中棉所南繁基地和安阳中棉所试验田进行材料选育、生长发育调查及光周期实验。结果表明:(1)PSM4在日照时数大于12h时表现为雄性不育;在日照时数为11.5~12h时表现为有少量花粉,处于育性转变期;在日照时数小于11.5h时表现为正常可育。(2)遮光试验显示,PSM4花药败育关键时期为开花前12~15d;石蜡切片显微观察显示,花药败育原因是在长日照条件下花粉壁外层物质缺失引起的。(3)遗传规律研究显示,PSM4育性受单隐性基因控制,不受阴雨气候条件影响。(4)用6个棉花品系与PSM4进行正反交试验发现F1代均可育,F2代分离出光敏核不育单株,分离比符合3∶1的单隐性分离规律。研究认为,新型棉花光敏核不育材料PSM4农艺性状优良,其光敏不育突变为隐性性状,所有的陆地棉品种(系)均为其恢复系,有利于杂交种的培育和棉花混选混交育种群体的建立,具有广阔的应用前景。To solve the problem of high cost for traditional method of hybrid seed production which involves hand emasculation followed by pollination,a large-scale cotton tissue culture was carried out to creat a cotton mutant and developed a highly sensitive genetic male sterility since 2006.In 2012,a photoperiod sensitive genetic male sterility was screened out in their offspring which named PSM4(Photoperiod sensitive genetic male sterility mutant of cotton).During 2012-2017,breeding,material selection,the growth and development investigation and characteristics of photoperiod were carry out in the experimental field of CRI(Cotton Research Institution of China)in Anyang,He nan Province and South Crop Breeding Base in Zhongliao Village,Jiyang Town,Sanya,Hainan Province.(1)PSM4 shows male sterility when the sunshine duration is more than 12 h;when between 11.5-12 h,it is in the fertility transformation stage;when less than 11.5 h,it shows normal fertility.(2)Shading experiments show that the crucialtime of anther and pollen abortion at 12-15 days before anthesis.(3)Paraffin section of anther shows the reason of pollen abortion is the lost of extine under long daylight exposure.(4)All individuals were fertile in F 1 population from the reciprocal crosses between PSM4 and six upland lines and the results shows that the photoperiod sensitive genetic male sterility character is controlled by their nuclear genes.Genetic studies indicate that PSM4 fertility was controlled by single recessive genes for the segregation of fertile and sterile plants ratio of 3∶1 in F 2 population and unaffected by the rainy weather.The successful cultivation of PSM4 will greatly advance the study of hybrid seed production and use in an industry revolution in cotton breeding.

关 键 词：陆地棉 光敏不育 表型鉴定 遗传分析 杂交制种 光周期 

分 类 号：Q343.34[生物学—遗传学] Q944.58