深井硬岩地层钻井高频低幅扭转振荡耦合冲击器研制与应用  

Development and Application of High-frequency Low-torque Impactor with Torsion-oscillation Coupling for Drilling of Deep and Hard Formations

作　　者：贾红军[1] 王攀[1] 冯伟雄[1] 张俊杰[1] 邱晓宁 Jia Hongjun;Wang Pan;Feng Weixiong;Zhang Junjie;Qiu Xiaoning(PetroChina Tarim Oilfield Company,Korla,Xinjiang 841000,China;CNPC Bohai Drilling Engineering Company Limited,Tianjin,300000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油塔里木油田分公司,新疆库尔勒841000 [2]中国石油渤海钻探工程有限公司,天津300000

出　　处：《特种油气藏》2018年第4期158-163,共6页Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs

基　　金：国家科技重大专项"复杂地层钻井提速提效关键工具与装备"(2016ZX05021)

摘　　要：随着深层油气资源的勘探开发,地层岩石的可钻性越来越差。常规钻井方式钻遇此类地层破岩效果差,钻井效率低,PDC钻头往往由于卡滑、振动而导致失效快、寿命短。为此,将脉冲射流和冲击振动钻井破岩相结合,研制了一种工作原理全新的高频低幅扭转振荡耦合冲击器,借助有限元分析软件对所研制的冲击器进行了应力分布及振荡腔结构参数等仿真分析,基于模拟结果提出了结构改进方案,并设计加工了一套原理可行且结构安全的高频低幅扭转振荡耦合冲击器。现场试验表明,该装置能显著改善钻头工作状况,提高平均机械钻速,工作寿命也完全能够与钻头寿命相匹配。高频低幅扭转振荡耦合冲击器有利于解决现有钻井技术中钻头钻遇坚硬地层时的黏滑效应、间歇性卡钻问题,能够有效减小甚至消除卡滑、振动对钻头的损害,提高PDC钻头的破岩效率。With progresses in exploration and development of deep hydrocarbon resources,drillability of formation rocks deteriorated gradually.Conventional drilling techniques are frequented by poor rock-crushing performances and low drilling efficiencies in such formations.PDC bits are characterized by fast failure and short service life due to sticking,slip and vibration in such formations.Under such circumstances,pulsed jet,impacting and vibration rock-crushing techniques were combined to develop high-frequency low-torque impactor with brand new working principles.By suing finite-element analysis software,simulation analyses were conducted for distribution of stresses and structural parameters of oscillation chambers for the newly-developed impactor.With consideration to simulation results,structural improvements have been proposed.Eventually,high-frequency low-torque impactors with practical principles and safe structures have been designed and fabricated.Field test results show the device may effectively enhance performances of the bit.In addition to enhance average ROP,the device has service life matching with service life of drilling bit.The innovative high-frequency low-torque impactor with torsion-oscillation coupling can effectively eliminate problems related to stick-slip effects,intermittent sticking and other challenges during drilling of hard-rock formations by using existing drilling techniques.In addition to effectively minimize or eliminate damages of bit induced by sticking or vibration,the impactor can dramatically enhance rock-crushing efficiencies of PDC bits.

关 键 词：扭转冲击器 高效破岩 黏滑振动 硬岩 复合钻井 

分 类 号：TE921[石油与天然气工程—石油机械设备]