昆仑山木孜塔格地区冰川发育水汽来源探讨  

Discussing sources of moisture feeding the glaciers on the Ulugh Muztagh, Kunlun Mountain

作　　者：孙永 易朝路[1] 刘金花 毋宇斌 SUN Yong;YI Chaolu;LIU Jinhua;WU Yubin(Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes,Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院青藏高原研究所环境变化与地表过程重点实验室,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《地球环境学报》2018年第4期383-391,共9页Journal of Earth Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41230523;41271018)~~

摘　　要：统计昆仑山的木孜塔格峰及其周围214条现代冰川朝向、面积、长度和坡度等地形学特征,发现N、NW和NE朝向冰川数量多、以长度小于1 km小型冰川为主,长度5 km以上冰川仅占4.6%。E、SE和S朝向冰川数量少,但长度较大,且坡度相对平缓,冰川面积也较大。SW和W朝向冰川发育则受山脊走向和局地地形影响。利用TRAM、THAR和AAR三种方法计算各坡向长度>1.65 km冰川物质平衡线高度(ELA),结果显示:N和NE朝向冰川ELA平均值明显低于其它坡向;茫崖、小灶火、若羌和且末气象站2011—2015年最大风速的风向和降水统计资料显示木孜塔格地区可能受来自东北方向气流的影响。据此推断,木孜塔格地区偏西北坡冰川发育可能受西风气流影响,而偏北坡和偏东坡冰川发育则可能受来自东北方向气流的影响。Background,aim,and scope Precipitation is a very important factor for glacier development.Ulugh Muztagh region in Kunlun Mountain has well-developed glaciers,previous studies shows the development of glaciers in this region are affected by westerly,but the glaciers develop toward different directions with significantly different scales,especially the scale of glaciers developed in eastern slope,the lee of westerly,are relatively larger.It is necessary to discuss the sources of moisture feeding the glaciers developed in Ulugh Muztagh region of Kunlun Mountain.Materials and methods We investigates the morphological characteristics of Ulugh Muztagh region and its surrounding 214 modern glaciers in terms of their direction,size,length and slope,etc.We uses three methods,namely,TRAM,THAR and AAR,to calculate the ELAs of glaciers with length>1.65 km and conducts statistical analysis on the wind direction for maximum wind speed and precipitation data obtained from 2011 to 2015 at the meteorological stations of Mangya,Xiaozaohuo,Ruoqiang and Qiemo.Results(1)Glaciers oriented toward N,NW and NE are in the larger quantity,most of which are small glaciers less than 1 km in length,while those longer than 5 km only account for 4.6%.Only a small number of glaciers are oriented toward E,SE and S,which are quite long with smooth slopes and large glacial areas.The glaciers oriented toward SW and W are affected by ridge direction and local topography.(2)The average ELAs of the glaciers oriented toward N and NE are significantly lower than other slopes.(3)The maximum wind frequency for the maximum wind speed at Qiemo,Ruoqiang and Mangya is in the NE direction,while the wind direction for the maximum wind speed of Xiaozaohuo meteorological station is mainly distributed in WNW,NW and W directions.Discussion According to the analysis of the topographical features of glacial development,this area is not only affected by the westerly airflow,but also possibly influenced by the eastern airflow.The statistical materials of the meteorologi

关 键 词：水汽来源 木孜塔格 地形特征 ELA 

分 类 号：P343.6[天文地球—水文科学]