采用播期、轮作和刈割防治光叶紫花苕病害  

Controlling the diseases of Vicia villosa by adapting sowing date,crop rotation,and mowing

作　　者：刘勇[1] 周俗[1] 陈莉敏[1] 康晓慧[2] 白春海 胡蓉 罗飚 LIU Yong;ZHOU Su;CHEN Limin;KANG Xiaohui;BAI Chunhai;HU Rong;LUO Biao(Sichuan Academy of Grassland Sciences,Chengdu 611731,Sichuan,China;Southwest University of Science and Technology,Mianyang 621000,Sichuan,China;Prairie Station in Liangshan Prefecture,Xichang 615000,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省草原科学研究院,四川成都611731 [2]西南科技大学,四川绵阳621000 [3]四川省凉山州草原站,四川西昌615000

出　　处：《草业科学》2018年第8期1929-1936,共8页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：四川省科技支撑计划项目"四川主推栽培牧草病害发生机理和综合防控技术研究与示范"(2016NZ0038);国家现代农业产业技术体系四川饲草创新团队病虫害岗位资助

摘　　要：在凉山州光叶紫花苕(Vicia villosa)主要种植区,设置早播、中播和晚播3个播期,轮作、混播和单播3种植模式以及不刈割和刈割1~5次等农业措施,研究其对光叶紫花苕白粉病(Leveillula leguminosarum)、斑枯病(Fusarium equiseti)和叶斑病(Septoria medicaginis)的影响。结果表明,光叶紫花苕病害的发生与不同的农业措施有着直接或间接的关系。适宜的延迟播期、增加刈割强度、混播可降低光叶紫花苕病害的发生,中播的光叶紫花苕白粉病、斑枯病和叶斑病的发病率较早播的分别降低了15.4%、43.5%和50.5%。光叶紫花苕刈割3次以上,各病害发病率降低至10%以下,甚至不发病。与单播光叶紫花苕相比,光叶紫花苕与黑麦草混播的白粉病、斑枯病和叶斑病的发病率分别降低8.2%、41.9%和25.6%;与单播光叶紫花苕相比,轮作使光叶紫花苕斑枯病和叶斑病发病率分别降低23.8%~30.6%和6.8%~19.7%,病情指数分别降低17.2~20.3和6.2~9.3,但对白粉病无显著影响(P>0.05)。In the main planting regions of Vicia villosa in Liangshan Prefecture,we set several agriculture measures,such as,there were three sowing dates,early sowing,middle sowing and late sowing.Crop rotation,mixed sowing and single sowing have been set for three planting patterns.We also set mowing measures,no mowing and mowing 1~5 times.Then we studies the effects of these variables on powdery mildew,spot blight,and leaf spot in V.villosa.The results showed that agriculture measures have direct and indirect influences on the occurrence of the three diseases.Delaying sowing time,increasing the intensity of mowing appropriately,and mixed seeding can reduce the occurrence of diseases in V.villosa.In the middle sowing date,the incidence of powdery mildew,spot blight,and leaf spot decreased by 15.4%,43.5%,and 50.5%respectively.When the mowing frequency was increased to three times,all three disease incidences reduced to less than 10%,even 0%.The incidence of powdery mildew,spot blight,and leaf spot in V.villosa decreased by 8.2%,41.9%,and 25.6%,respectively,when it was sowed mixed with Lolium perenne.Rotation reduced the incidence of spot blight and leaf spot in V.villosa by 23.8%~30.6%and 6.8%~19.7%,respectively,and reduced their disease index by 17.2~20.3 and 6.2~9.3,respectively,but had no significant effects on the incidence of powdery mildew.

关 键 词：种植模式 斑枯病 叶斑病 白粉病 混播 

分 类 号：S435.4[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]