新生入学体检静脉采血失败的原因及对策研究  

Study on the Causes and Countermeasures of the Intravenous Blood Failure in the Process of the Freshmen's Physical Examination

作　　者：颜红宇 龚牡丽[2] 吴素蓉 纪军 王文艺 Yan Hongyu;Gong Muli;Wu Surong;Ji Jun;WangWenyi(Medical Institute of Jinggangshan University,Ji'an,Jiangxi,343009,China;Newborns of Ji'an Maternal and Child Health-Care Hospital of Jiangxi,Ji'an,Jiangxi,343000,China)

机构地区：[1]井冈山大学医务所,江西吉安343009 [2]江西省吉安市妇幼保健院新生儿科,江西吉安343000

出　　处：《当代医学》2018年第23期96-98,共3页Contemporary Medicine

摘　　要：目的分析新生入学体检静脉采血过程中失败的原因和解决对策。方法对我校2016和2017年新生入学体检静脉采血过程中出现的62名采血失败案例进行分类统计及失败原因分析,并探讨解决策略。结果有12名因为学生晕针而采血失败,24名因为穿刺失败(皮下脂肪厚、静脉暴露不明显11名,皮下脂肪少、弹性差3名,血管过细10名),18名因为血流缓慢(针头贴近血管壁6名,针头一半在血管腔外4名,血管痉挛6名,受检者过于紧张2名),8名由于血流停止(针头刺透血管壁3名,针头脱离血管3名,止血带过紧2名)。针对不同原因导致采血失败的案例,采取相应的解决策略和护理措施加以干预后,所有采血失败案例均完成了采血作业。结论在新生入学体检静脉采血过程中,由于学生自身体质或心理素质、医务人员操作的熟练程度、采血环境等原因,可能会导致采血失败;针对不同的失败原因,医护人员应当采取合适的预防策略和护理措施加以干预,以尽量避免采血失败的产生。Objective To analyze the causes and countermeasures of the intravenous blood failure in the process of the freshmen's physical examination.Methods Sixty-two cases of blood collection failure which from the freshmen of our universty in 2016 and 2017 were classified and analyzed,and the strategy was discussed.Results 12 cases of students because of halo needle,24 cases of puncture failure(subcutaneous fat thick vein exposure was not obvious in 11 cases,less subcutaneous fat less elasticity in 3 cases,10 cases of fine blood vessels),18 cases of slow blood flow(needle close to the vessel wall 6 cases,the needle half in the vascular cavity in 4 cases,6 cases of vasospasm,subjects were too nervous in 2 case),8 cases of blood flow(needle puncture through the blood vessel wall in 3 cases,the needle from the blood vessels in 3 cases,tourniquet too tight 2 cases).For the case of different causes of blood failure,the application of the corresponding solution strategies and care measures to intervene,all students have completed the normal blood collection.Conclusion In the process of intravenous blood sampling for freshmen,due to the students'physical or psychological quality,the operation of medical personnel and the environment of blood collection may lead to blood failure.For different reasons of blood loss,medical staff should intervene with appropriate preventive strategies and nursing measures to avoid the occurrence of blood loss.

关 键 词：新生体检 静脉采血 失败原因 解决策略 

分 类 号：R472[医药卫生—护理学]