美国公路发展政策及资金来源研究  

American Highway Development Policy and Funding Source

作　　者：袁瑜[1] YUAN Yu(China Academy of Transportation Sciences,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]交通运输部科学研究院,北京100029

出　　处：《交通运输研究》2018年第3期9-17,共9页Transport Research

摘　　要：为了回答社会公众广泛关注的"美国公路不收费,中国公路收费"问题,并且更加深入地分析我国现行公路发展政策和为未来的政策制定提供建议,以美国公路为研究对象,从公路作为准公共产品的政府责任和实现方式入手,对美国特定历史时期中的政治经济社会背景、公路路网规模、公路发展资金政策等方面进行分析。根据美国州际公路发展情况将美国公路发展历程划分为3个阶段,梳理各阶段美国公路发展进程、资金来源和结构以及发展政策,摸清美国公路历程资金来源在不同历史阶段的变化情况,并且研究其在不同历史社会条件下的演变规律。研究结果表明,美国公路网发展得益于完善的立法和设计合理的税收体系,从而得到对我国公路发展的启示。In order to answer the topic of"American highways don′t charge,but Chinese highways charge",and make more in-depth study on current highway development policy of China as well as guide the future policy making,American highways were selected as the research objects.From the perspective of the government responsibilities and implementation ways of highways as quasi-public goods,a series of factors were studied,including economic and social background,highway network scale,and highway development funding policy in different specific historical periods.According to the development situation of American interstate highway,the development course was divided into three stages.Highway development processes,funding sources,capital structure and development policies in different phases were investigated,trying to find the changing trend of highway development funding sources in different historical stages,and deducing its evolution rule under different historical and social conditions.It is concluded that American highway network development dues to the scientifically construction of legislation system and the reasonable design of tax system,which can enlighten the development of Chinese highway funding.

关 键 词：国外交通 美国公路 投融资政策 公路发展政策 公路发展资金来源 

分 类 号：U491.1[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]