保险的本质、发展与监管  

The Nature, Development and Regulation of Insurance

作　　者：魏华林[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学经济与管理学院 [2]武汉大学保险经济研究所

出　　处：《金融监管研究》2018年第8期1-20,共20页Financial Regulation Research

摘　　要：近年来因"保险乱象"而起的保险强化监管,是发生在中国保险及其监管史上的一个重要历史事件。本文在对"保险乱象"及其监管治理的案例分析中,通过比较保险与银行、保险与证券的功能后提出,保险的本质是互助,保险的功能是造血。在保险属性分析中指出,只承认保险的保障属性而不承认保险的金融属性,必然会产生理论上的误导;只看到保险的财务属性而不看到保险的服务属性,必然会导致实践上的偏差。中国保险市场的"保险乱象"并不是近来有之,早期的"保险乱象"是一种难以避免的市场行为,当下的"保险乱象"则是一种触碰底线的犯规行为。"保险乱象"不仅导致了承保业务与投资业务匹配错位、保险供给与保险需求出现失衡的后果,而且降低了社会对保险行业的信度。"强化监管"是国家治理"保险乱象"所采用的特殊手段,目的在于防范化解保险业已存在的重大风险,需要重点处理好三大关系:"黑天鹅"风险与"灰犀牛"风险;被监管者风险与监管者风险;"进入机制"与"退出机制"。未来中国保险业发展的成败,取决于保险机构、从业人员和监管部门对保险经营性质和风险管理规律的认知水平。保险业是一个充满温度的行业,需要继续坚守和不断认知。任何一个人、一个企业乃至一个国家,在变幻无常的自然风险和神秘莫测的生命风险面前,都没有足够的骄傲资本,只能依靠现代科技力量,运用人类共同智慧,在与风险共舞的同时,认真做好重大风险防范工作。Recently the strengthening regulation on the insurance is an important event in the China insurance history due to the chaos in the industry.This paper conducts case studies on insurance chaos and its regulation in recognizing that the nature of insurance is mutual aid,blood forming,with comparing the functions of insurance,banking and the security.To the attributes of insurance,it is pointed out that recognizing only the financial attribute but not the service attribute of insurance will inevitably lead to misunderstanding in practice.The insurance chaos in China's insurance market is not a new issue,which could be seen as unavoidable behaviors in the early stage to unlawful acts in status-quo.The insurance chaos not only lead to in the mismatch between the underwriting and the investment business,the imbalance between the supply and demand of the insurance,but also reduces the reliability of the society on the insurance industry."Strengthening the regulation"is to control insurance chaos,prevent and resolve major risks.Regulations need to deal with three significant relations of:"black swan"risk and"grey rhino"risk;risks of the regulated and risks of regulators;"entry mechanism"and"exit mechanism".Understanding the nature of insurance and those relations is the key to success,and it is proposed to rely on the power of modern science and technology,use the common wisdom of mankind to prevent major risks.

关 键 词：保险乱象 保险姓保 保险本质 保险属性 保险监管 

分 类 号：F840[经济管理—保险] F842