我国《民法典·物权编》制定中如何对占有改定制度进行完善——从大陆法系立法例进行分析  

How to Optimize the Constitutum Possessorium Mechanism When Enacting Real Right Law of Chinese Civil Law Code——An Analysis from the Perspective of the Legislation in the Civil Law System

作　　者：靳文静[1] JIN Wenjing

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学民商经济法学院

出　　处：《暨南学报（哲学社会科学版）》2018年第7期52-60,共9页Jinan Journal(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：司法部国家法制与法学理论研究课题"我国不动产役权制度构建研究"(批准号:16SFB2031)

摘　　要：占有改定由于欠缺物权变动的外在表象,第三人无从知晓和判断物权变动状况,为了保护善意第三人的利益和交易安全,需要在法律上对其法律效力进行明确限制。本文通过对大陆法系不同立法例国家有关占有改定法律效力的相关规则进行考证和分析后提出,由于占有改定不具备对抗善意第三人的法律效力,使得占有改定在法律效力上与其他观念交付方式产生了根本区别。在上述分析基础上结合我国《物权法》第二章第二节和《最高法院关于适用物权法若干问题的解释(一)》第18条的有关规定,对占有改定法律制度在我国将来《民法典》中的完善提出了如下立法建议:在将来的法律规定中区分占有改定的对内效力和对外效力;明确限制占有改定对外效力;将占有改定的适用范围在占有制度的"间接占有"中进行明确规定。Since constitutum possessorium lacks the external representation of the alternation of real rights,the third party cannot know and judge the alternation of real rights.In order to protect the interests of a bona fide third party and the transaction security,it is necessary to impose clear restrictions on the legal effect of constitutum possessorium.Through researching and analyzing the legislations regarding the legal effect of constitutum possessorium in different continental law countries,we draw a conclusion that since the possessor has no rights to claim against a bona fide third party,there comes a fundamental difference in legal effect between constitutum possessorium and other modes of the conceptual delivery.On the basis of above analysis as well as the relevant provisions in Chapter Two,Section Two of China’s“Property Law”and Article 18 of Interpretation of the Supreme People’s Court on Several Issues concerning the Application of the Property Law of the People’s Republic of China(I),we have proposed several suggestions on the improvement of constitutum possessorium in the Civil Code.

关 键 词：占有改定 观念交付 公信效力 间接占有 

分 类 号：D9[政治法律—法学]