中国沿海新报道的三种产毒拟菱形藻  

THREE NEW KINDS OF TOXIC PSEUDO-NITZSCHIA SPECIES DERIVED FROM CHINA'S COAST

作　　者：董焕嫦 黄春秀[1,2] 李扬 DONG Huan-Chang;HUANG Chun-Xiu;LI Yang(Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring,College of Life Science,South China Normal University,Guangzhou 510631,China;Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Healthy and Safe Aquaculture,College of Life Science,South China Normal University,Guangzhou 510631,China)

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学生命科学学院,广州市亚热带生物多样性与环境生物监测重点实验室,广州510631 [2]华南师范大学生命科学学院,广东省水产健康安全养殖重点实验室,广州510631

出　　处：《水生生物学报》2018年第5期1057-1065,共9页Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31570205和31370235);广州市科技计划项目(201607010370)资助。

摘　　要：为了明确我国海域拟菱形藻属(Pseudo-nitzschia)物种的产毒特征,从中国沿海建立了15个拟菱形藻单克隆培养株系,利用高效液相色谱-质谱联用法对其多莫酸特征进行检测,在10个株系中检测到多莫酸。结合光学显微镜下的群体特征和透射电镜下的超微形态学特征,以及基于核糖体转录间隔区的分子系统学数据,确认上述10个产毒株系分别隶属于3个物种:尖细拟菱形藻P.cuspidata、伪柔弱拟菱形藻P.pseudodelicatissima、伪善拟菱形藻P.fraudulenta,其中伪善拟菱形藻是我国的新记录种。建立尖细拟菱形藻的11个尖细拟菱形藻株系,其中3个株系未检出多莫酸,其余8个株系有检出,单细胞产毒水平为0.4—5.5 fg。建立伪柔弱拟菱形藻株系2个,1个未检出多莫酸,另1个株系的单细胞产毒量为1 fg。建立伪善拟菱形藻株系2个,纯种培养株系均未检出多莫酸。利用卤虫(Artemia salina)对部分藻株进行混培诱导,其中尖细拟菱形藻(MC4049)和伪柔弱拟菱形藻(MC3015)的产毒水平略有下降,单细胞产毒水平分别由2、1 fg降至0.2、0.4 fg,而伪善拟菱形藻(MC4074)的产毒能力则有显著改变,单细胞产毒水平由未检出上升至17.5 fg。研究丰富了我国产毒拟菱形藻的物种多样性,明确了其物种信息和产毒水平,可为后续深入研究提供基础数据。In order to investigate the diversity of Pseudo-nitzschia species in China’s coast and their ability in producing neurotoxin domoic acid(DA),a total of fifteen monoclonal Pseudo-nitzschia strains were isolated and established.Using a liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS)technique,DA was accordingly detected from ten monoclonal strains.Based on the morphology observed by using a light microscope(LM),a transmission electron microscope(TEM),as well as molecular analysis inferred from an internal transcribed spacer region,these fifteen strains were precisely identified which belonged to three different species involving,P.cuspidata(Hasle)Hasle,P.pseudodelicatissima(Hasle)Hasle,and P.fraudulenta(Cleve)Hasle.In addition,three out of eleven established P.cuspidata strains were nontoxic,while other eight cases were toxic with the DA abundance rate of 0.4-5.5 fg/cell.Also,one P.pseudodelicatissima strain was nontoxic,while DA production rate of 1 fg/cell was detected in another strain.Besides,no DA was tested in the two P.fraudulenta strains.Several strains were selected and their DA productions were induced by the available Artemia salina.As a result,it was shown that the ability of DA production decreased in P.cuspidate(MC4049)and P.pseudodelicatissima(MC3015)strains,from 2 and 1 to 0.2 and 0.4 fg/cell,respectively.However,the ability of DA production in P.fraudulenta(MC4074)strain swiftly increased,from an undetected level to 17.5 fg/cell.The results achieved in this study enrich the diversity of toxic Pseudo-nitzschia species in China’s coast,and may establish strong research basis for conducting further studies.

关 键 词：拟菱形藻 多莫酸 物种多样性 形态 核糖体转录间隔区 卤虫 

分 类 号：Q949.27[生物学—植物学]