基于微波辐射资料的一次高速公路段强浓雾过程监测分析  

Monitoring and analysis of heavy fog process in expressway section based on the microwave radiometer data

作　　者：王丽娟 王俊超[2] 何明琼 张海燕 李芬 张文刚[2] WANG Lijuan;WANG Junchao;HE Mingqiong;ZHANG Haiyan;Li Fen;ZHANG Wengang(Meteorological Service Center of Hubei Province,Wuhan 430074;Hubei Key Laboratory for Heavy Rain Monitoring and Warning Research,Institute of Heavy Rain,China Meteorological Administration,Wuhan 430074;School of Electrical Engineering,Shanghai University of Electric Power,Shanghai 200090)

机构地区：[1]湖北省气象服务中心,武汉430074 [2]中国气象局武汉暴雨研究所暴雨监测预警湖北省重点实验室,湖北430074 [3]上海电力学院电气工程学院,上海200090

出　　处：《暴雨灾害》2018年第4期330-336,共7页Torrential Rain and Disasters

基　　金：湖北省气象局科技发展基金重点项目(2016203);湖北省气象局科技发展基金项目(2017Y06);湖北省气象局科技发展基金研发项目(2018Y09)

摘　　要：基于采样间隔为2 min的湖北省高速公路交通气象站观测资料和微波辐射计资料,对2014年1月29—30日发生在湖北省一次强浓雾过程的大尺度环流背景、温度、相对湿度、液态水含量以及水汽密度等要素的演变特征进行了分析。结果表明,这次大雾的发展演变可以分为三个明显的阶段:大雾的形成阶段,气温与路面温度降低,能见度下降,且下降速率明显;大雾的发展增强阶段,气温与路面温度变化平稳,能见度不足百米;大雾的消亡阶段,气温与路面温度升高,能见度上升,大雾消散。大雾产生在特定的大气环流背景下,微波辐射资料分析表明,近地层逆温是大雾产生的重要条件,它的演变与大雾的生消发展有着较好的对应关系。大雾的形成到发展增强阶段,水汽密度明显从近地面逐步向上增加,液态水含量数值增大,相对湿度饱和区高度抬升,大雾厚度变厚,雾浓度变大,能见度下降;大雾的消亡阶段,液态水含量、水汽密度明显减小,相对湿度饱和区高度降低,大雾厚度变薄,雾浓度减小,能见度上升。A heavy fog event during January 2014(i.e.,29-30 January)over Hubei is studied.Based on observed data at automatic meteorological monitoring station(sampling every 2 min),the correlation between visibility and meteorological elements(surface temperature,temperature,relative humidity,etc.)were analyzed.Using the microwave radiometer data at 2 stations in Hubei,the temporal and spatial variations of water vapor and liquid water content retrieved from the microwave radiometer data are presented.The results show that during the formation phase of heavy fog,the temperature and the road surface temperature decrease,visibility decreases,and the rate of decline is obvious.During the period of development of heavy fog,the temperature and the road surface temperature change smoothly,the visibility is less than 100 meters.During the extinction stage of heavy fog,the temperature and surface temperature increase,visibility increases and the fog diffuses.Fog occurs under the environment of a specific atmospheric circulation.By analyzing the microwave radiation data,it is found that near-surface inversion is an important condition for the generation of heavy fog,and its evolution has a good corresponding relationship with the development of heavy fog.During the development of dense fog,the water vapor density gradually increase from the surface upward.The near-surface liquid water content raises.The relative humidity saturation area raises in height.The thick fog thickness increases.The fog concentration increases,and the visibility decreases.During the period of the disappearance of heavy fog,the liquid water content and water vapor density are significantly reduced.The relative humidity saturation area is highly reduced.The thick fog thickness is thinned.The fog concentration is reduced and the visibility increases.

关 键 词：浓雾 微波辐射计 水汽密度 液态水含量 

分 类 号：P468.028[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]