大战略的演进、机理及其中国意义  

Grand Strategy:Evolution,Logic,and Application in China

作　　者：葛汉文 GE Hanwen

机构地区：[1]国防科技大学国际关系学院

出　　处：《国际展望》2018年第5期1-17,157,共18页Global Review

摘　　要：大战略是一个大国避免卷入国际政治经济之纷乱、由强大成长为伟大的关键。作为战略概念的重要衍生理论,现代大战略研究源起于第二次世界大战前后,勃兴于20世纪70年代,并对主要大国的政策行为产生重要且持续的影响。狭义的大战略主要关注国家对武力的运用或威胁运用如何与国家总体政治目标相协调,从而赢得战争的胜利。广义的大战略概念则强调国家应当如何较为平衡地运用战争与和平手段,调节和调动本国甚至其盟国所有的军事、政治、经济和精神资源,以实现一个明确、适度和总体可行的宏大战略目标。现代大战略研究的重点在于从历史经验中分析昔日大国、强国兴衰起伏的案例,以期明确作为一门艺术而非科学的大战略之内在机理及实践意义。中国拥有大战略思维与大战略缔造的深厚历史根基,在21世纪第二个十年行将结束之际,中国大战略研究的现实和历史意义重大,大战略研究者肩负重要使命。未来,中国大战略研究应注重聚焦当下情势、注重历史检讨和发掘中国智慧。The formulation and implementation of grand strategy plays a vital role in a nation’s transition from a strong state to a great one in the vicissitudes of international politics.The origins of modern grand strategic studies as an academic discipline can be traced back to the Second World War.The voluminous body of literature as a result of the increasing popularity of strategic studies among scholars and practitioners of international relations since the 1970s has exerted a lasting influence on major powers’strategic behavior.Grand strategy,in a narrow sense,concerns how to achieve military victory by way of coordinating the actual or potential use of force on the one hand and the overall political ends on the other.In a broader sense,grand strategy is about how to attain a set of clear,rational,and generally feasible strategic objectives by commanding and directing the full resources of a state,political,economic,military,and spiritual(and/or an ally),and by means of making peace or waging war.One major research method employed in strategic studies is to study the past cases of the rise and fall of various great powers in order to summarize the logic,application,and implications of grand strategy as an art rather than a science.Chinese history is also a fountainhead of numerous ancient strategic thoughts from which modern policymakers and strategic planners draw wisdom.As China has entered a new era,Chinese strategic studies must keep pace with the new developments in world politics and its focus should fall on serving the present by examining the past.

关 键 词：战略 大战略 大战略理论 中国大战略 中国外交 

分 类 号：D60[政治法律—政治学]