故宫藻井轩辕镜及配件的材料与工艺分析研究  

Raw materials and manufacturing technology research on caisson ceiling Xuanyuan mirrors and accessories in the Forbidden City

作　　者：曲亮[1] 赵鹏[2] 段鸿莺[1] 沈爱国[3] 王文涛[2] 史宁昌[1] QU Liang;ZHAO Peng;DUAN Hong-ying;SHEN Ai-guo;WANG Wen-tao;SHI Ning-chang(Department of Conservation Science,The Palace Museum,Beijing 100009,China;Department of Architectural Heritage,The Palace Museum,Beijing 100009,China;College of chemistry and molecular sciences,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430027,China)

机构地区：[1]故宫博物院文保科技部,北京100009 [2]故宫博物院古建部,北京100009 [3]武汉大学化学与分子科学学院,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《文物保护与考古科学》2018年第4期34-43,共10页Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology

基　　金：故宫博物院2015年度科研课题资助(KT201511);养心殿研究性保护研究课题资助(KTYXD2016-17)

摘　　要：紫禁城多个建筑的盘龙藻井中均悬有轩辕镜,但对轩辕镜的分析研究却很少。本研究采用多种仪器方法,对故宫万春亭藻井轩辕镜和画珐琅葫芦等配件进行了分析。万春亭轩辕镜的分析结果表明,轩辕镜玻璃基体为钾-铅玻璃,镀层采用了锡汞齐技术,生产时间晚于17世纪末;画珐琅葫芦配件的分析结果表明,画珐琅白色底釉组成与"玻璃白"原料相近,不同颜色珐琅釉基体均为钾-铅玻璃,黄色釉中铅锡黄同时发挥着色与乳浊的作用,蓝色釉为砷酸铅乳浊,胭脂红色为金红发色,棕色勾线呈色物质为赤铁矿。画珐琅釉料大部分经过预熔处理,绘制时按照白色底釉、棕色线条、其他色釉的顺序施加,最后烧制而成。Although Xuanyuan mirrors are hung within the curled dragon caisson ceiling in many structures in the Forbidden City,little research has been carried out concerning Xuanyuan mirror.In this paper,the Xuanyuan mirror and its accessories such as gourd-shaped painted enamelware in Wanchun Pavilion were analyzed using a variety of instrumental analysis methods.The analytical results indicate that the glass ball matrix of the Xuanyuan mirror is made of potassium-lead glass and that a tin amalgam technique was employed in the plating layer.The date of manufacture was later than the end of the 17th century.The analytical results of the decorative gourd-shaped painted enamel reveal that the chemical composition of the white base glaze is similar to“Glass white”material.The matrices of enamel glazes with different colors are also made of potassium-lead glass.Lead tin yellow plays a dual function as colorant and opacifier in the yellow enamel glaze.Lead arsenate is the opacifier in the blue enamel glaze,and gold particles are the colorant in the rouge red enamel glaze.The colorant material of the brown contour line is hematite.Most of the painted enamel glaze materials were pre-melted,and the white base glaze,brown contour lines and other colored enamel glazes were painted in sequence before final firing.

关 键 词：轩辕镜 画珐琅 藻井原料 制作工艺 

分 类 号：K876.5[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]