分税制改革提高了地方财政努力吗?——基于税收分成、转移支付和预算外收入三元视角  

Has the Reform of the Tax System Enhanced Local Fiscal Effort?——Based on the Ternary Perspective of Tax Share,Transfer and Extra-budgetary Incomes

作　　者：乔俊峰[1] 张春雷 QIAO Junfeng;ZHANG Chunlei(School of Business,Henan Normal University,Xinxiang 453007,China)

机构地区：[1]河南师范大学商学院,河南新乡453007

出　　处：《财经论丛》2018年第9期43-54,共12页Collected Essays on Finance and Economics

基　　金：国家社科基金资助项目(15BJY136)

摘　　要：本文从理论上分析了税收分成、转移支付和预算外收入对地方财政努力的影响机制,并基于1998~2015年中国30个省份的面板数据,采用系统GMM方法实证检验了分税制改革后政府间财政分配对地方财政努力的影响。研究发现:(1)转移支付不利于地方政府提高财政努力水平。税收返还和一般性转移支付对地方政府财政努力激励作用为负,专项转移支付同样会抑制地方政府提高财政努力积极性。(2)税收分成比例和地方财政努力正相关,且不同税种的分成比例对财政努力影响具有差异性。(3)预算外收入的大量存在抑制了地方政府筹集预算内收入的积极性。(4)财政净流出地区少量的转移支付能够提高地方财政努力程度,财政净流入地区转移支付对财政努力具有负向影响;税收分成对财政努力正向影响,且相比财政净流出地区,净流入地区更小。This paper firstly analyzes the effects of the tax share,transfer and extra-budgetary incomes on local fiscal effort,and then examines them by using the province-level panel data in China from 1998 to 2015.The findings are as follows:Firstly,transfer is disadvantageous to local governments in theor efforts to increase fiscal revenues.Tax-return and thr general transfer as well as the special transfer are negatively related to local fiscal effort.Secondly,the tax share is positively related to local fiscal effort,which is different in different tax categories.Thirdly,the higher the proportion of extra-budgetary incomes in local fiscal revenue,the more restrained the enthusiasm of local governments'to raise budgetary revenues.Finally,there is a significant threshold effect of transfer on the influence of fiscal effort,which is negative in developing areas and postive in developed areas,and will be weakened with the increase of extra-budgetary incomes.The effect of tax share on fiscal effort also has a threshold effect,which is more positive in developed areas than in developing areas.

关 键 词：税收分成比例 转移支付 预算外收入 财政努力 

分 类 号：F812.7[经济管理—财政学]