芸薹属异源多倍体减数分裂行为的遗传研究进展  

Progress in genetics of meiotic behaviors in Brassica allopolyploids

作　　者：崔成[1] 李顺达 李再云[2] CUI Cheng;LI Shun-da;LI Zai-yun(Crop Research Institute,Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chengdu 610066,China;National Key Lab of Crop Genetic Improvement,College of Plant Science and Technology,Huazhong Agricultural University9 Wuhan 4 3 0 0 1 0,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省农业科学院作物研究所,四川成都610066 [2]作物遗传改良国家重点实验室/华中农业大学植物科学技术学院,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2018年第4期597-603,共7页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31601338)

摘　　要：减数分裂中的二倍体化是异源多倍体物种形成与进化的细胞学基础。本文综述了芸薹属异源多倍体中细胞学行为及遗传机制的研究进展。虽然芸薹属三个栽培二倍体种间的成对杂交进化形成了三个栽培异源四倍体种,但自然界没有发现包含三个基因组的芸薹属异源六倍体种。通过芸薹属六个栽培种间的三种杂交途径人工合成的芸薹属三基因组异源六倍体(2n=54,AABBCC)均同时表现二倍化与非二倍化的减数分裂行为、产生整倍体与非整倍体后代,显示不同的基因组稳定性(B>A>C)。芸薹属异源四倍体、六倍体所具有的细胞质背景、染色体组的组合及亲缘关系均可影响它们的减数分裂行为、后代的染色体数目及组成,进而为遗传育种产生新材料。As diploid-like meiotic behavior is fundamental for the formation and evolution of new allopolyploid species,cytology and genetic mechanisms in Brassica allopolyploids were reviewed.Although 3 cultivated Brassica allotetraploids originated from the pair-wise crosses between 3 Brassica diploids,txigenomic allohexaploid species were not found in nature.Brassica allohexaploids(2n=54,AABBCC)were synthesized using 3 crossing strategies with combinations of genomes from the extant allotetraploids and diploids.They showed diploidized and non-diploidized meiotic behaviors,and produced both euploid and aneuploid progenies,suggesting that genome stability order was B>A>C.In these synthetic Brassica allotetraploids and allohexaploids,cytoplasmic backgrounds,combinations and relatedness of the diploid genomes affected meiotic pairing and segregation,and thus chromosome n u m_bers and complements in progenies,resulting in production of novel lines for genetic researches and breeding.

关 键 词：芸薹属栽培种 异源多倍体 细胞学二倍体化 减数分裂 部分同源配对 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学]