半咸水、淡水养殖硬头鳟肌肉营养成分比较  

Nutrient Composition of Muscle of Steelhead Trout( Oncorhynchus mykiss) Cultured in Brackish Water and Freshwater

作　　者：徐绍刚[1] 杨晓飞[1] 田照辉[1] 马峻峰[1] XU Shao-gang;YANG Xiao-fei;TIAN Zhao-hui;MA Jun-feng(National Engineering Research Center for Freshwaters,Beijing Fisheries Research Institute,Fishery Biology Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing,Beijing 100068,China)

机构地区：[1]国家淡水渔业工程技术研究中心暨北京市水产科学研究所渔业生物技术北京市重点实验室,北京100068

出　　处：《江西农业大学学报》2018年第4期810-816,共7页Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAD25B01);农业部都市农业(北方)重点实验室项目(99124120);北京市技术产业体系项目(SCSYZ201711-4);北京市农林科学院冷水性鱼类科技创新团队(JNKST201611)~~

摘　　要：为了探讨同一养殖品种在不同养殖环境下其营养成分的差异,从而为消费者或后续的加工开发提供思路,将半咸水、淡水养殖的硬头鳟[Oncorhynchus mykiss,体质量为122.78±3.87)g]肌肉营养成分进行了测定、分析和比较:半咸水养殖的硬头鳟肌肉中,水分含量较淡水养殖的高,但粗脂肪含量明显较淡水养殖的低(P<0.05),粗蛋白和灰分含量差异不显著;无机盐及微量元素方面,半咸水养殖硬头鳟的钙离子含量显著高于淡水养殖的硬头鳟(P<0.05),其余各离子含量差异不显著;半咸水、淡水养殖的硬头鳟肌肉中均含18种氨基酸,且在氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸总量、非必需氨基酸总量、鲜味氨基酸总量及半必须氨基酸总量上均无显著差异(P>0.05);半咸水和淡水养殖硬头鳟肌肉中测得主要脂肪酸种类分别为15种和22种,分别占脂肪酸总量的89.00%和91.02%,半咸水养殖硬头鳟的脂肪酸种类数量、脂肪酸含量均远低于淡水养殖的硬头鳟(P<0.05);淡水养殖硬头鳟的ω6/ω3为0.2,半咸水硬头鳟ω6/ω3为0.24,与其它鱼类的ω6/ω3的比例相符合。结果表明:同一种鱼类,由于养殖环境的差异,其水分、粗脂肪及无机盐甚至脂肪酸的种类和含量均会有很大的差别。In order to explore the difference in the nutritional composition of the same breed cultured in different environments,thus providing ideas for consumers or subsequent processing and development,the muscle nutritional composition of Steelhead trout with body weight of(122.78±3.87)g cultured in brackish water and freshwater was measured and compared.The results showed:the water content of the brackish water group was higher than that of the freshwater group;there was significantly lower crude fat content in the brackish water group than that in the freshwater group(P<0.05),the difference in crude protein and ash contents was not significant;the inorganic salts and trace elements were also analyzed,the content of calcium ion of steelhead trout in the brackish water group was significantly higher than that in the freshwater group(P<0.05),the differences in the rest of the ion content was not significant.It contained 18 amino acids in the steelhead trout muscle of brackish water and freshwater fish,and there was no significant difference in the contents of total amino acids,essential amino acids,non-essential amino acids,delicious amino acids and semi-essential amino acid(P>0.05);15 and 22 fatty acids were detected in the brackish and freshwater groups,respectively,and they accounted for 89%and 91.02%of the total fatty acid content,respectively.The result indicated that the fatty acid content in the muscle of steelhead trout cultured in brackish water was lower in terms of quality and quantity;theω6/ω3 in the muscle of steelhead trout cultured in fresh water was 0.2 and that in the muscle of the fish cultured in brackish water was 0.24,and the portions resembled those of other fish.It might be concluded that the contents of water,crude fat,inorganic salt and even fatty acid were different for the same fish species due to the difference in aquacultural environment.

关 键 词：硬头鳟 半咸水 淡水 肌肉营养成分 

分 类 号：S965.122[农业科学—水产养殖]