环境因素对小麦黑胚病影响的研究进展  

Research Advance in the Effects of Environmental Factors on Black Point in Wheat

作　　者：姜玉梅[1] 徐乔乔 李巧云[1] JIANG Yumei;XU Qiaoqiao;LI Qiaoyun(Henan Agricultural University/National Centre of Engineering and Technological Research for Wheat,Zhengzhou 450002,China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学/国家小麦工程技术研究中心,河南郑州450002

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2018年第8期1-5,共5页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：河南省科技攻关项目(172102110041)

摘　　要：就栽培措施与气象因子两大主要环境因素对小麦黑胚病发病率的影响进行综述。栽培措施中,耕作方式和播量对黑胚率影响不大,播期对黑胚率影响的研究结果不一致,土壤质地对黑胚率有一定的影响,灌溉和施肥与黑胚率关系密切。一般认为,黑胚率随灌水(施肥)次数与总量的增加而升高,但不同生育时期灌水(施肥)对黑胚率的影响效果不同,花后尤其是乳熟至面团期灌水(施肥)引起黑胚率升高。关于气象因子,多数研究认为乳熟至面团期的气象因子对黑胚率影响较大,并构建了气象因子对黑胚率影响的模型。降雨(天数与雨量)和湿度与黑胚率呈正相关关系,温度对黑胚率影响的研究结果不一致。目前,国内关于气象因子与小麦黑胚率关系的报道很少,建议应用中感黑胚病小麦品系进行气象因子对黑胚率影响的研究,并建立气象因子对黑胚病发生影响效果的预测模型。In this paper,the effects of two main environmental factors(cultivation factors and meteorological factors)on the incidence of wheat black point were reviewed.Among the cultivation factors,tillage systems and seeding rate had no significant effect on the incidence of black point.The effect of sowing date on the incidence was inconsistent in different studies.Soil texture had a certain effect on the incidence of black point.Irrigation and fertilization were closely related to the incidence of black point.In general,the incidence increased with the frequency and amount of irrigation(fertilization).However,the effect of irrigation(fertilization)on the incidence changed in different growth stages.The incidence was significantly increased when plants were irrigated(fertilized)after flowering especially during the growth stage from milk stage to dough stage.As to meteorological factors,many researchers suggested that meteorological factors had a great influence on the incidence of black point from milk stage to dough stage and developed the regression equation of the effect of meteorological factors on the incidence.There was a posi-tive correlation between the rainfall(days and precipitation),relative humidity,and the incidence of black point.However,the effect of temperature on the incidence was inconsistent in different studies.Up to now,there are few reports about the relationship between meteorological factors and incidence of black point at home.The correlation between meteorological factors and incidence of black point,and models using meteorological factors to forecast the incidence of black point should be studied with moderately susceptible wheat varieties/lines planted for several years.

关 键 词：小麦 黑胚病 栽培措施 气象因子 预测模型 

分 类 号：S435.121[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]