谷子杂交种产量及产量性状杂种优势的表现型鉴定  

Phenotype Identification in Heterosis of Yield and Yield Traits of Foxtail Millet Hybrids

作　　者：李素英[1] 刘丹 李强 代小冬[3] 韩燕丽[4] 陈超[1] 李君霞[3] 刘正理[1] LI Suying;LIU Dan;LI Qiang;DAI Xiaodong;HAN Yanli;CHEN Chao;LI Junxia;LIU Zhengli(Tangshan Normal University,Tangshan 063000,China;Institute of Crops,Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300384,China;Institute of Grain Crops,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002,China;Zhengzhou Institute of Agriculture and Forestry Science,Zhengzhou 450003,China)

机构地区：[1]唐山师范学院,河北唐山063000 [2]天津市农业科学院农作物研究所,天津300384 [3]河南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所,河南郑州450002 [4]郑州市农林科学研究所,河南郑州450003

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2018年第8期28-34,共7页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(31471563)

摘　　要：2015—2016年设置3点试验,鉴定谷子杂交种产量及产量性状的杂种优势表现,并对其进行相关分析,为开展强优势谷子杂交种的选育和杂种优势相关基因的挖掘提供依据和支撑。结果表明,供试谷子杂交种中572227、5695等5个杂交种的产量超标优势28.59%~38.61%、超亲优势30.37%~57.30%,优势较强,为强优势杂交种;56813、51861、54359三个杂交种的产量超标优势9.26%~19.95%、超亲优势>10%,为中优势杂交种;51813、3813等6个杂交种的产量超标优势-14.71%~2.67%,超亲优势-6.17%~57.85%,为弱优势组合。各产量性状杂种优势与产量杂种优势的关系为:强优势杂交种出谷率表现出杂种优势,弱优势杂交种出谷率表现出杂种劣势,出谷率杂种优势与产量杂种优势吻合度较高,杂交种的产量优势是建立在高结实性基础之上的;强优势、中优势杂交种的单穗质量、穗粒质量均表现出杂种优势,大部分弱优势杂交种的单穗质量、穗粒质量也表现一定的杂种优势,不同类型杂交种的杂种优势程度不同,与产量杂种优势吻合度较高;穗长、穗粗杂种优势比较明显,与产量优势吻合度较高;千粒质量杂种优势不明显,且无规律性。综合超标优势和超亲优势的相关分析结果,各产量性状杂种优势与产量杂种优势的相关性由高到低依次为:穗粒质量、出谷率、穗长、单穗质量、穗粗。Three experiments were conducted in 2015 and 2016 to evaluate the heterosis of yield and yield related traits of foxtail millet.Among hybrids tested,five hybrids including hybrids 572227 and 5695 were designated as superior heterosis which showed 28.59%to 38.61%higher yield than local check cultivars and 30.37%to 57.30%higher than their parents.Three hybrids(56813,51861 and 54359)that had 9.26%to 19.95%higher yield than local check cultivars and more than 10%higher yield than their parents were designated as medium heterosis.Hybrids with weak heterosis included six hybrids such as 51813 and 3813 that had similar yield to local check cultivars(-14.71%to 2.67%)and similar or higher yield compared with their parents(-6.17%to 57.85%).A high correlation was observed between yield heterosis and milled millet percentage.The hybrids with superior heterosis also showed heterosis in milled millet percentage,whereas the hybrids with weak heterosis were the opposite.Those hybrids with superior and medium heterosis showed high heterosis in single panicle weight and kernel weight per panicle.The hybrids with weak heterosis showed certain heterosis in single panicle weight and kernel weight per panicle.Different types of hybrids varied in their levels of heterosis,and their trends of heterosis were consistent with yield heterosis.Heterosis of panicle length and width was obvious,which matched with yield heterosis;whereas heterosis of thousand grain weight(TGW)was week,which was inconsistent with trend of yield heterosis.The correlations between heterosis of yield and yield related traits shown from high to low were grain weight per panicle,milled grain to kernel ratio,panicle length,single panicle weight and panicle width.

关 键 词：谷子 杂交种 产量 产量性状 杂种优势 表型鉴定 

分 类 号：S515[农业科学—作物学]