民法典编纂视野下的民事习惯——以民国歙县的“一田两主”习惯为中心  

The Relationship Between Civil Habit and Civil Code Compilation——Based on the “Two Owners of One Field” of She County in the Republic of China

作　　者：陈云朝 CHEN Yun-zhao(SXUFE)

机构地区：[1]山西财经大学法学院

出　　处：《华中科技大学学报（社会科学版）》2018年第5期60-67,76,共9页Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(17YJC820004);山西省高等学校哲学社会科学研究一般项目(2017252)

摘　　要：民法典编纂应尊重和吸纳内含国民生活方式的民事习惯。民法典对民事习惯的重塑既是一个时间过程,又是在特定的空间展开的。民法典的有效性必须接受基层社会的实效性检验。民国永佃权立法枉顾歙县"一田两主"习惯,扰乱了主佃双方附着在习惯上的利益平衡,由习惯上侧重小买主的地权利益转变为法典上保护大买主的权益,引发小买主的群情反对。歙县法院严格适用法典,反而在小买主眼中成为一个纵容大买主作恶的司法机构。以完全支配为内容的所有权建构起来的物权体系,因剥夺了小买主的地权利益,与当时国民党"耕者有其田"的国策相违背。民法典编纂应保护和平衡附着在习惯上的权益,避免法典对生活的强制。The codification of the civil code should respect and absorb the civil habits which contain the national way of life.The remodeling of the modern land tenure system is a time process within a specific space.The validity of civil code must be tested by the effectiveness of grass-roots society.The judicial and contract dossier in She county shows that the civil law permanent tenancy system limits the tenant farmers’inherent interests in the"Two owners of one field"habit,triggering the small buyers’strong opposition.The strict application of the local court of She County was considered as the indulgence of evil for the big buyers by the small buyers.The compilation of the civil code should respect,protect and balance the rights attached to the inherent civil relations and avoid the compulsion from the code.

关 键 词：民国民法典 一田两主 永佃权 民事习惯 歙县档案 

分 类 号：D929[政治法律—法学] D922.3