鸭茅状摩擦禾种子的物理力学特性  

Physical and mechanical properties of eastern gamagrass seed

作　　者：黄文城 张林[1] 叶大鹏[1,3] TAYLOR Alan George HUANG Wencheng;ZHANG Lin;YE Dapeng;TAYLOR Alan George(College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350002,China;School of Integrative Plant Science,Cornell University/New York State Agricultural Experiment Station,Geneva,NY 14456-0462,USA;Fujian Engineering Research Center of Modern Agricultural Equipment,Fuzhou 350002,China)

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学机电工程学院,福州350002 [2]康奈尔大学植物科学研究所/纽约州农业试验站,美国杰尼瓦14456-0462 [3]现代农业装备福建省高校工程研究中心,福州350002

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）》2018年第4期507-514,共8页Journal of Zhejiang University:Agriculture and Life Sciences

基　　金：福建省高峰高原学科项目(712018014)。

摘　　要：为解决鸭茅状摩擦禾种子因形态结构复杂、种壳坚硬厚实而导致的脱壳困难问题,本研究通过测定和分析完整种子、种壳和颖果的物理力学特性,探讨可行的机械化脱壳方法。结果表明:四倍体品种Meadowcrest种子尺寸和质量均大于二倍体品种Pete,Meadowcrest和Pete这2个品种的颖果质量各占完整种子质量的1/4和1/3,其完整种子长度均约为颖果长度的2倍;种壳含水率显著低于颖果含水率;种子破裂力大小与压缩方向有关,轴向压缩时完整种子的破裂力为颖果破裂力的1/2～2/3。种子尺寸、水分和破裂力特性共同决定了轴向压缩可能是一种有效分离鸭茅状摩擦禾种子的种壳并获得无损伤颖果的方法。Conventional seed dehulling methods are unable to separate caryopses from intact cupules of eastern gamagrass as the cupules are thick and rigid,and the seeds are irregular-shaped.To put forward a feasible method of mechanical dehulling,we investigated and analysed the physical and mechanical characteristics of intact seeds,cupules and caryopses,and then evaluated the characterics that can be applied in mechanical dehulling.The testing results indicated that the tertraploid cultivar Meadowcrest had a larger seed size and a heavier seed mass than diploid Pete.The mean caryopsis mass was approximately 1/3 and 1/4 of the intact seed mass for Pete and Meadowcrest,respectively.The intact cupule was approximately twice as long as the caryopsis for all three seed lots measured.The moisture content of the cupules was significantly lower than that of the caryopses.The rupture force of the intact cupules was 1/2-2/3 of the caryopses for Pete and Meadowcrest when pressed longitudinally,respectively.Seed size,moisture content and rupture force codetermined that longitudinal seed pressing might be an effective method to remove the cupules without harming the caryopses.

关 键 词：鸭茅状摩擦禾种子 种壳 颖果 物理力学特性 破裂力 

分 类 号：S543.9[农业科学—作物学]