硅灰改性膨胀型阻燃剂的阻燃机理  

Flame Retardant Mechanism of Intumescent Flame Retardant Modified with Silica Fume

作　　者：赵江平[1] 王倩 王亚超[1] ZHAO Jiang-ping;WANG Qian;WANG Ya-chao(College of Material and Mineral Resources,Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology,Xi'an 710055,China)

机构地区：[1]西安建筑科技大学材料与矿资学院,西安710055

出　　处：《硅酸盐通报》2018年第8期2588-2592,2600,共6页Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society

基　　金：陕西省自然科学基金(2017JQ5006);陕西省教育厅基金(17JK044)

摘　　要：以聚磷酸铵、季戊四醇、尿素为阻燃体系,聚酯树脂为基料,加入不同掺量的硅灰,制备硅灰改性膨胀型阻燃剂。通过锥形量热仪、扫描电子显微镜及热重分析仪,对硅灰改性膨胀型阻燃剂的阻燃性能、微观形貌及阻燃机理进行分析,确定最佳硅灰掺量。结果表明:硅灰掺量为2wt%时样品的阻燃效果最佳,其可使热释放速率峰值和平均热释放速率值最小,火焰强度最低,耗氧量最少,二氧化碳释放量最少;分析样品燃烧后的微观形貌可知硅灰有助于形成更加致密平滑的炭层,其中硅灰掺量为2wt%时炭层结构最致密完整;热重结果表明硅灰改性膨胀型阻燃剂具有耐高温性,即硅灰的加入能有效降低失重温度,减少试样质量损失,提高其阻燃性能。The intumescent flame retardant modified with silica fume was prepared with the flame retardant systems of the ammonium polyphosphate,the pentaerythritor,the urea and polyester resin as basic material,adding different content of silica fume.The flame retardant performance was tested by conical calorimeter,the microscopic morphology of combustion product was observed by SEM,the mechanism of the intumescent flame retardant was analyzed by TG,Finally,the optimum amount of silicon ash was determined.Results show that the flame retardant effect of the sample is the best when the silicon ash content to 2wt%,Thermal release rate peak minimum as well as the average heat release rate,the flame intensity is lowest,the least oxygen consumption and the least amount of carbon dioxide;The microscopic morphology of combustion products show silica fume helps to form more compact smooth carbon layer,the carbon structure is the most compact and complete when silica fume content is 2wt%.TG results show that the intumescent flame retardant modified with silica fume has high temperature resistance,namely,the addition of silica fume can effectively reduce the temperature of weightlessness,reducing the loss of sample quality,improve the flame retardant performance.

关 键 词：硅灰 膨胀型阻燃剂 阻燃机理 

分 类 号：TQ173[化学工程—搪瓷工业]