秘鲁上升流对秘鲁鳀渔场的影响  

Influence of Peruvian upwelling on the anchoveta(Engraulis ringens) fishing ground

作　　者：陈芃[1,2] 陈新军[1,2,3,4] 雷林[1,2,3,4] CHEN Peng;CHEN Xinjun;LEI Lin(College of Marine Sciences,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Key Laboratory of Oceanic Fisheries Exploration,Ministry of Agriculture,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;National Engineering Research Center for Oceanic Fisheries,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources,Ministry of Education,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学海洋科学学院,上海201306 [2]农业部大洋渔业开发重点实验室,上海海洋大学,上海201306 [3]国家远洋渔业工程技术研究中心,上海海洋大学,上海201306 [4]大洋渔业资源可持续开发教育部重点实验室,上海海洋大学,上海201306

出　　处：《水产学报》2018年第9期1367-1377,共11页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：海洋局公益性行业专项(20155014);上海市科技创新行动计划(14DZ1205000);国家科技支撑计划(2013BAD13B01)资助

摘　　要：秘鲁鳀作为世界上产量最大的单鱼种渔业的目标种,研究秘鲁上升流对渔场的作用机制有利于人们加深秘鲁鳀渔场形成机制的理解,把握渔场状况。研究利用风场数据反演的秘鲁鳀渔场的上升流流速(upwelling velocity,UV)作为上升流的指标,同时结合港口实测渔场温度(temperature,T)和温度距平(temperature anomaly,TA)数据及秘鲁鳀的渔获数据(2005—2009年),以名义单位捕捞努力量渔获量(catch per unit effort,CPUE)作为渔场的表征,对2005—2009年秘鲁鳀渔场状况与海域上升流和水温状况的规律进行研究。结果显示,渔汛期间,渔场上升流流速(UV)在1.42×10^(–5)~7.44×10^(–5) m/s之间,温度(T)范围在16.61~19.42°C之间,渔场的温度距平(TA)范围在–1.87~1.69°C之间。利用广义可加模型(generalized additive model,GAM)分析环境因子对渔场的影响发现,模型对渔场CPUE的解释率为67%,能够较好地拟合2005—2009年渔汛期间渔场CPUE的变动趋势,各个环境因子的适宜范围分别为UV小于4.5×10^(–5) m/s;T为18.4~19.5°C;TA小于0.2°C。上升流的流速小于4.5×10^(–5) m/s时,渔场CPUE随着UV的升高而基本不变,但是上升流的流速高于4.5×10^(–5) m/s之后,渔场CPUE随着UV的升高呈现下降趋势。研究表明,秘鲁鳀渔场由适宜的海表风速、上升流流速以及上升流海域适宜水温等环境条件的共同作用而形成。Anchoveta(Engraulis ringens)forms the largest production in the world’s single species fishery.Therefore,study of the relationship between the Peruvian upwelling and E.ringens fishing ground could help understand the mechanisms about the formation of this fish’s fishing ground.Therefore,Our study aims to summarize the regularity of the upwelling and temperature to the E.ringens fishing ground formation.In this study,we used the upwelling velocity(UV)as the index of Peruvian upwelling,and combined the temperature(T)and temperature anomaly(TA)data in the fishing ground from 2005 to 2009 to analyze their effects on the fishing ground which was indicated by the nominal catch per unit effort(CPUE).The results showed that UV,T and TA in the fishing ground was 1.42×10^–5-7.44×10^–5 m/s,16.61~19.42°C and 1.87-1.69°C,respectively.In addition,we used the generalized additive model(GAM)to analyze the influence of environmental factors on CPUE.The GAM could explain the changing trend of nominal CPUE as 67%.The optimum range for each environmental factor based on GAM was UV:less than 4.5×10^–5 m/s;T:18.4-19.5°C and TA:–2-0.2°C.When UV was lower than 4.5×10^–5 m/s,the CPUE nearly remained the same with UV.However,when UV was higher than this value,the GAM showed the decreasing trend of CPUE.The studies suggested that the upwelling's impact to the E.ringens fishing ground was not following the pattern“the higher,the better”.There was also optimum range of upwelling velocity for the fishing ground.the results indicated that the optimum sea surface wind,moderate upwelling and appropriate temperature condition were beneficial to the fishing ground formation.

关 键 词：秘鲁鳀 秘鲁上升流 渔场 温度 温度距平 

分 类 号：S931[农业科学—渔业资源]