基于不透水表面模型的北京辖区水环境效应分析及控制目标  

Water Environment Effect Analysis and Control Objectives in Beijing Districts Based on Impervious Cover Model

作　　者：陈韬[1] 韩朦紫 张本 CHEN Tao;HAN Meng-zi;ZHANG Ben(Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment Key Laboratory〈Minisity of Education〉, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Beijing 100044,China)

机构地区：[1]北京建筑大学城市雨水系统与水环境省部共建教育部重点实验室,北京100044

出　　处：《科学技术与工程》2018年第23期304-309,共6页Science Technology and Engineering

基　　金：北京市社会科学基金(18GLB013)资助

摘　　要：中国城市中建筑用地随着城市化的发展不断增多,不透水表面扩张的面积和速度逐年增加,造成了水土资源需求与供给的矛盾。基于不透水表面模型对北京市8个辖区不透水表面的水环境效应及控制目标进行了研究。结果表明:北京各时期各辖区不透水面积在不断升高;利用不透水表面模型分析,说明不透水表面的扩张是造成北运河流域水环境恶化的重要因素;为避免流域水质进一步恶化,基于8个辖区不透水表面的现状基数提出将流域不透水面积率控制在25%的目标值;并确定了各辖区不透水面积率的控制目标。建议至少需将42%的非屋顶城镇村及工矿用地面积转化为绿地、裸土或透水铺装,才能达到25%的流域不透水面积控制目标值。据此认为,合理规划和控制不透水表面应成为北京市推进海绵城市建设的重要方向。Urban construction sites in China continue to increase with the development of urbanization.The area and speed of impervious surface expansion has increased year by year,creating a conflict between demand and supply of land and water resources.The water environment impacts and control objectives of impervious surfaces in eight districts of Beijing were studied based on impervious cover model(ICM).It is showed that the impervious area of each district in Beijing keeps increasing continuously.The analytical result of ICM model indicates that the expansion of impervious surface is an important factor leading to the deterioration of the water environment of the north canal basin.Thus,the impervious surface needs to be controlled in order to avoid further deterioration of water quality in the basin.A target value of impervious area as 25%of the total north canal basin and the control target of impervious area in each district were proposed based on the current situation.It is suggested that 25%of the river basin target can be achieved by converting 42%of the total area of urban villages and mining sites other than rooftop area into green fields,bare soil or water-permeable pavement.Therefore,it is considered that the rational planning and control of the impervious surface should be an important aspect for promoting the construction of sponge city.

关 键 词：不透水表面 不透水表面模型 北运河 低影响开发 

分 类 号：TU992.03[建筑科学—市政工程]