碳纳米管对AP/CMDB推进剂燃烧性能和力学性能的影响  

Effects of Carbon Nanotubes(CNTs)on the Combustion and Mechanical Properties of AP/CMDB Propellant

作　　者：张正中[1] 邓重清[1] 李吉祯[1] 刘晓军[1] 唐秋凡 ZHANG Zheng-zhong;DENG Chong-qing;LI Ji-zhen;LIU Xiao-jun;TANG Qiu-fan(Xi′an Modern Chemistry Research Institute,Xi′an 710065,China)

机构地区：[1]西安近代化学研究所,陕西西安710065

出　　处：《含能材料》2018年第9期744-748,814,共6页Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials

基　　金：装备发展部重大预研专项

摘　　要：为了改善溶剂压伸法制备的高氯酸铵/复合改性双基(AP/CMDB)推进剂的燃烧性能和力学性能,采用差示扫描量热法(DSC)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究了碳纳米管(CNTs)对AP/CMDB推进剂主要组分热分解性能及AP/CMDB推进剂微观结构的影响,测试了含质量分数为0.1%、0.3%和0.5%CNTs的AP/CMDB推进剂的燃速和抗冲强度。结果表明,CNTs可以有效催化AP的热分解,使AP低温分解峰消失,高温分解峰温提前39.9℃,但对NC/NG双基组分的热分解影响不大;CNTs可以改善AP/CMDB推进剂的微观结构,添加0.5%CNTs的推进剂中无明显微裂纹;CNTs可以有效改善AP/CMDB推进剂的燃烧性能和力学性能,随着CNTs含量的增加,推进剂的燃速提高、压强指数降低,推进剂的抗冲强度增大;添加0.5%CNTs的AP/CMDB推进剂10 MPa下燃速为61.19 mm·s^(-1),10~22 MPa压强指数为0.51,-40℃下的抗冲强度为5.55 kJ·m^(-2)。To improve the combustion and mechanical properties of ammonium perchlorate(AP)/composite modified double base(CMDB)propellant prepared by the solvent‐extrusion method,the effects of carbon nanotubes(CNTs)on the thermal decomposition performances of the main components of AP/CMDB propellant and the microstructure of AP/CMDB propellant were studied by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC)and scanning electronic microscope(SEM).The burning rate and impact strength of AP/CMDB propellants with CNTs of mass fraction as 0.1%,0.3%and 0.5%were tested.Results show that CNTs can effectively catalyze the thermal decomposition of AP,and make the low temperature decomposition peak of AP disappear,and the peak temperature of high temperature decomposition of AP shift 39.9℃downwards,but it has little effect on the thermal decomposition of double base components NC and NG.CNTs can improve the microstructure of AP/CMDB propellant.There are no obvious micro cracks in the AP/CMDB propellant with the addition of 0.5%CNTs.CNTs can effectively improve the combustion and mechanical properties of AP/CMDB propellant.With increasing the content of CNTs the burning rate increases,the pressure exponent decreases,and the impact strength increases of the propellant.For AP/CMDB propellant with 0.5%CNTs,the burning rate at 10 MPa is 61.19 mm·s-1,the pressure exponent between 10 MPa and 22 MPa is 0.51 and the impact strength is 5.55 kJ·m-2 at-40℃.

关 键 词：碳纳米管(CNTs) 高氯酸铵复合改性双基(AP/CMDB)推进剂 燃速 压强指数 抗冲强度 

分 类 号：TJ55[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术] V512[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]